Free Essays on Book Report On The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People

Book Report on â€Å"The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People† by Stephen R. Group Section One: Paradigms and Principles Group, the writer of this book, started contemplating something many refer to as the Pylamon Effect, which considers hope hypothesis and inevitable outcomes. He read books as far back as 200 years and understood that to the extent history goes, there is an example of people taking care of their littler issues, yet leaving the enormous issues to putrefy. The â€Å"Character Ethic† shows the standards required by individuals to live and be effective and glad. World War 1 changed the character ethic into the Personality ethic, which managed constructive mental demeanor. This permitted individuals to see the world and their environmental factors distinctively and satisfy themselves. He clarifies enormity, of which he discovered two sorts, essential and optional. Essential is to a greater extent a drawn out mentality, while optional is present moment. He characterizes a worldview as a clarification of something different, and a change in outlook as when somebody sees something diversely then they would have previously, sort of like a revelation. Brood expresses that individuals can't change their unfortunate propensities promptly, that individuals just push ahead in life bit by bit, not radically. The Seven Habits 1. Be Proactive Understand that your issues are your issues, and not accuse others. Make a move to make right what will support you. It is greatly improved to be a proactive individual and make a move as opposed to a receptive individual who just streams and responds with what the earth tosses at him. How an individual reacts to the encounters throughout their life is regularly more significant than the experience itself. Flock likewise discusses the Circle of Concern and the Circle of Influence inside the Circle of Concern. The Circle of Concern is the things in life that worry us and the hover of impact inside the hover of concern is the things we have power over. 2. Begin in view of the end Lo... Free Essays on Book Report On The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People Free Essays on Book Report On The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People Book Report on â€Å"The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People† by Stephen R. Brood Section One: Paradigms and Principles Brood, the writer of this book, started considering something many refer to as the Pylamon Effect, which contemplates anticipation hypothesis and inevitable outcomes. He read books as far back as 200 years and understood that to the extent history goes, there is an example of people taking care of their littler issues, yet leaving the huge issues to putrefy. The â€Å"Character Ethic† shows the standards required by individuals to live and be effective and glad. World War 1 changed the character ethic into the Personality ethic, which managed constructive mental disposition. This permitted individuals to see the world and their environmental factors diversely and fulfill themselves. He clarifies enormity, of which he discovered two sorts, essential and auxiliary. Essential is even more a drawn out demeanor, while optional is present moment. He characterizes a worldview as a clarification of something different, and a change in outlook as when somebody sees something contrastingly then they would have previously, sort of like a revelation. Brood expresses that individuals can't change their unfortunate propensities promptly, that individuals just push ahead in life bit by bit, not definitely. The Seven Habits 1. Be Proactive Understand that your issues are your issues, and not accuse others. Make a move to make right what will support you. It is vastly improved to be a proactive individual and make a move instead of a responsive individual who simply streams and responds with what nature tosses at him. How an individual reacts to the encounters throughout their life is regularly more significant than the experience itself. Brood likewise discusses the Circle of Concern and the Circle of Influence inside the Circle of Concern. The Circle of Concern is the things in life that worry us and the hover of impact inside the hover of concern is the things we have authority over. 2. Begin in light of the end Lo...

The Effects of Industrialization on Society Essay -- Industrial Histor

The Effects of Industrialization on Society The Industrial Revolution changed society from an agribusiness based network into a flourishing urban city through many interrelated changes. One of the most significant changes was the amount and pace of items delivered to fulfill the rising need. Huge mechanical manufacturing plants expanded proficiency and profitability, which caused a move in economy. Karl Marx’s accepted that the new changes upset built up economies just as society. He voiced his view through the Communist Manifesto to show individuals the negative impact industrialization was having on society. Before the Industrial Revolution, society and financial aspects were to a great extent dictated via land and agribusiness. Development was moderate and individuals depended on customary intends to endure. Most of social orders were ranchers who raised yields and animals professionally. Nonetheless, in the eighteenth century, the populace detonated and developed at a noteworthy rate. The four essential factors behind this development are: a decrease in death rate, an expansion in the birth rate, the virtual end of infections, and an increment in the accessibility of food [[i]]. This eruption of populace made an inordinate measure of laborers, who were not required in the horticulture society. The requirement for laborers in agribusiness diminished because of the advances in innovation and instruments. An enormous number of individuals just as point of view ranchers needed to secure positions somewhere else. This is one of the significant factors in the move of the populace from rustic zones to the more urban areas. The presentation of apparatus started the Industrial Revolution making manufacturing plants a significant lifestyle. The apparatus in production lines utilized the pow... ...is, and Francisco Lou㠧ä , As Time Goes By (New York: Oxford College Press, 2001), 164-168. [v]. Freeman and Lou㠧ä , 194. [vi]. Montagna, <http://www.cis.yale.edu/ynhti/educational plan/units/1981/2/81.02.06.x.html> [vii]. The Acts 29 Times. <http://www.acts29online.org/industrial%20revolution.htm> [viii]. Fielden, John, The Curse of the Factory System (New York: Frank Cass and Organization Limited, 1969), xiii. [ix]. Wing, Charles, Evils of the Factory System (New York: Frank Cass and Company Constrained, 1967), clxxxv. [x]. Fielden, 34-35. [xi]. Chris Rohmann, A World of Ideas (New York: Random House Publishing, 1999), 249. [xii]. Rohmann, 249. [xiii].Marx, Karl. â€Å"Communist Manifesto.† History and Religious Studies. first ed. Page 19. [xiv]. Marx, 16.

The Us Health Care System Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(70) others as contrasted and four different states ( Hussey et al, 2004 ) . There are a wide extent of health consideration frameworks everywhere throughout the universe, with various chronicles and authoritative emotionally supportive networks. In numerous states, wellbeing consideration framework course and arranging is done by various partners, for example, specialists, open associations ands different departments to be after, pull off, structure and store stipulation of human services to the populace they serve ( Anonymous, 2011 ) . The United States of America health consideration framework has been a mind boggling issue to numerous residents in spite of its ordinary utilization and long history. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Us Health Care System Health And Social Care Essay or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Wellbeing consideration in US is a gigantic $ 3 trillion industry, it comprises of 1000s of associations and autonomous clinical examples and provider associations like nursing spots, hospitals and other particular consideration establishments. The United States wellbeing consideration industry is reviewed second when contrasted with creating segments. On balance of ingestion, Americans use more on housing and supplements than they use on clinical consideration ( Sultz A ; Young, 2011 ) . Furthermore, wellbeing consideration is by a long shot the greatest assistance industry in this state what's more the universe ‘s eighth greatest financial framework. More astounding than its size, by the by, is its multifaceted nature, non simply is this health consideration work concentrated at each degree yet adjacent to the sorts and maps of its incredible powers change inconsistently to get by to better approaches for introducing consideration administrations, cognizance and advancing bui lding. As it ‘s all the time associated with headway clinical progresss now thus makes new difficulties while work excursion previous difficulties. The rising of clinical comprehension that prompted barely characterized clinical experts has intensified a long standing imperfection of American wellbeing consideration. Objectives of wellbeing consideration framework Orchestrating to World Health Organization, social insurance ought to be antiphonal to the requests of the populace and stipulation of adequate wellbeing administration. Progress towards wellbeing consideration depends on how frameworks complete four of import maps viz. , financing, stipulation of health consideration administrations, stewardship and asset coevals. Different measurements for the evaluation of wellbeing consideration frameworks contain, quality, value, effectiveness and adequacy ( Anonymous, 2011 ) . Providers of health consideration Wellbeing consideration providers are associations or people providing health consideration administrations. The wellbeing providers can be independent or filling in as utilized in medicinal services foundations, regardless of whether for-benefit or non-benefit, or in a specialists natural structure or network based assistance bringing point ( Clark et EL, 2010 ) . A situation in the focal point of a few Americans direct that, in perniciousness of mediation cost each piece great as different emergency in wellbeing consideration association, they despite everything show signs of improvement health consideration rather than numerous different states. Truth be told, 50 for every centum of Americans overviewed for past mature ages said U.S. patients get preferable nature of consideration over do those in different states, despite the fact that just 40 for every centum said they thought the US had the universe ‘s best health consideration framework ( Clark et EL, 2010 ) . While numerous Americans hold up specialists workss to climb intercession and reduce the disbursals of wellbeing consideration, a most recent campaign discovered that 60 for every centum are worried on human services quality going more terrible if the specialists ensured health consideration for all. In any case, there is no solid grounds to demo that nature of health conside ration will chop down in the event that it gets cosmopolitan. In any case, health consideration providers, approach shapers along with the wide people have differing thoughts to which phase of wellbeing consideration demonstrate its greatness and the 1s that are increasingly significant. Clinical building open introduction This is obvious recovered in U.S. rebuilding treatment that, acknowledged developments of attributes that make up a great quality health consideration incorporate groupings of aspects. regardless of whether apparently phenomenal involve more prominent wellbeing stocks, different attributes estimated logical of value emerge to pass on roughly perceived visual part of United States health consideration advantage, numbering a sureness that US residents with astounding protection inclusion extraordinarily gain from convenient effortlessness of utilization and effectiveness of course of exceptional health steps, gadgets, clinical claims to fame along with amazingly taught and agreeable wellbeing consideration specialists, who are insightful and as a matter of course utilize the best achievements to their customers ( Clark et EL, 2010 ) . On the different manus, some case that US have second rate quality on consideration topographic point to their sensibly hapless open health status and el ements like obstructor to induction for individuals without acceptable protection intercession or incomplete wellbeing preparing starting networks and unacceptable association in the midst of beginnings in detached wellbeing consideration bringing framework. The full attributes of value each piece great as more extensive health framework introduction are basic and echt concern. In particular, US health consideration centers around proficiency or innovative and clinical quality and regard abundance estimating of greatness or wellbeing association usual way of doing things which are most straight associated: reasonableness, safeguard, effectiveness of dish, acceptability, and awareness. Experts and cons on credentialing Effective credentialing, only hearing and supplication processs all offer grouped ethics for an oversaw consideration association. These temperances include, danger bearing, official gift, unsusceptibility from administration providers ‘ cases under the Health Care Quality Improvement Act and hopeful offering to individuals trying to buy wellbeing consideration approaches, conceivable part providers and customers ( Sobelman, 2001 ) . Blending to the theory of careless credentialing, oversaw consideration association is responsible and may perchance be viewed as well-suited as a result of revealing a hurt buyer to the amateurish wellbeing starting by ineffectively moving out a fit credentialing evaluation. The association other than take on a risk that customers can hope to collect amendss if a shopper is hurt as a result of unfortunate behavior of a wellbeing starting figured in this manner as amateurish ( Sobelman, 2001 ) . An oversaw consideration association that applies reasonable consideration in credentialing and estimating its wellbeing providers reduces its risk of obligation of a confusion suit by one of its crew individuals. Examination of US health consideration quality with different states Fitting to an examination embraced among five expresses, that is, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, US and England, comparings on unique quality indexs showed that, each state maps amazingly great than others as contrasted and four different states ( Hussey et al, 2004 ) . You read The Us Health Care System Health And Social Care Essay in class Exposition models Each of these states could better the greatness of consideration. In Australia for case, dangerous neoplastic infection perseverance cases were as a rule at maximum breaking point ( with avoidance of baby leukemia ) , bosom harmful neoplastic ailment testing occasions were other than at furthest cutoff, asthma mortality example was some way or another at lower limit, while flu along with polio vaccination cases were at maximum breaking point. Nonetheless, occurring of challenging hack in Australia was at maximal than some other state, uncovering an open door for updating. In a state like Canada, paces of dangerous neoplastic ai lment perseverance were someway standard or past norm, along with the Numberss more prominent in kids with leukemia. Pace of shot human demise was all things considered at lower limit. Transplant endurance rate was other than some way or another at maximum breaking point in Canada. By and by, AMI examples were at maximum cutoff in Canada when contrasted with New Zealand and Australia inside matured people. Information confirms Pertussis pervasiveness was at furthest cutoff when contrasted with the four states separated from Australia ( Hussey et al, 2004 ) . In cases, for example, implosion, the rates were checked least in England when contrasted with the four states, while vaccination for childish loss of motion was at furthest breaking point. In add-on, threatening neoplastic malady perseverance occurrences, cervical and bosom harmful neoplastic sickness demonstrating were other than least in England. This checks previous European similitude and uncovered a space for updating. Measless commonness on the different manus, was relatively high in England when contrasted with four states. The advancement in asthma occasions for the old 20 mature ages in New Zealand, is an unmistakable achievement account, however there is cut for greater improvement as colorectal threatening neoplastic infection moderate perseverance rates were at maximum breaking point ( Hussey et al, 2004 ) . Also, self destruction examples in New Zealand, explicitly among juvenile adults, were at furthest breaking point when contrasted with the other four states. Stroke human demise occurrences were truly elevated among more established individuals while Breast dangerous neoplastic malady showings along with grippe and immunization for puerile loss of motion figure was some way or another at lower limit. In any case, chest threatening neoplastic illness cases in United States were at maximum breaking point when contrasted with other four states, while testing rates for cervical dangerous neoplastic malady were other than at furthest cutoff. A significant development for thought is asthma mortality well expanding inside United States however diminishing in four states. With respect to join continuance occasions, they were other than at lower limit in United States. As United States now and over, maps similarly better for th

Marketing Plan Skylarknet a Wireless free essay sample

Remote work organizing is the most recent tech in this field. Web expert Wireless systems give exceptional opportunity and portability to a developing number of PC and PDA clients who no longer need wires to remain associated with their working environment and the Internet. Amusingly, the very gadgets that offer remote assistance to these customers need heaps of wiring themselves to interface with private systems and the Internet. This wiring is costly to introduce and change, and organization must be painstakingly arranged and planned to limit disturbance to ordinary business operations.Permits or authorizations might be required, and afterward there are the relentless errands of pulling, ending and testing the copper wiring or fiber optic cabling. With all the work in question, it ought not be astonishing that wiring can be the most costly piece of a â€Å"wireless† organize! To be sure, the numerous obstructions related with wiring are presently forestalling or deferring the sending of remote applications that could convey a genuine u pper hand or an exceptional yield on investmentâ€or both. We will compose a custom paper test on Advertising Plan Skylarknet a Wireless or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This showcasing plan gives a review of executing Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) administration without precedent for the rural territories ofBangladesh. Remote Mesh Network is an energizing new innovation which has gigantic potential particularly for a creating nation like Bangladesh. Many African nations are now profiting by this novel innovation. Bolstered by the developing purchasing power, various work area and PC clients in the rural zones of Bangladesh are seriously needing top notch network access. In the realm of web the best reasonable alternative represents the rural zones is the remote technology.We plan to go about as a help and gear supplier for the nearby ISP vendors and some institutional market, for example, college grounds, NGO, emergency clinics and nursing home and so on. As we are the pioneer of this new innovation we directed a shrewd examination of the competitor’s position and their contributions. The advertising plan begins with the situational investigation of the present market. Outer and inward factor investigation (SWOT examination) gives an away from of current situation. Grameen Phone, Qubee, Banglalion, ZoomUltra are our principle competitors.But the expense of their contribution is a lot higher than our own. Since there lies a higher foundation cost. Dispensing with wires significantly lessens the execution costs, and generously disentangles on-going activities. Without wires, the system becomes undeniably progressively versatile and adaptable. That’s why we center around the cost adequacy and execution of the WMN administration. We distinguish our organization as a market challenger and set a few systems reasonable for the challengers. Some pilot ventures are wanted to make the mindfulness among target customers.Based on these tasks achievement further special and evaluating techniques are set. In the later piece of the report the attainability of this showcasing plan is defended by the monetary examination. Cost and deals are estimated for the following three years followed by an earn back the original investment examination. By and large checking and emergency course of action (on account of disappointment) finishes the complete making arrangements for our organization. Presentation In this universe of current innovation, the vast majority incline toward not to interface PCs with Ethernet links on the grounds that over the top links dissipated all through their office or home is unsightly.One can decide to introduce a remote system to maintain a strategic distance from extreme cabling. For a remote system, there is no compelling reason to utilize Ethernet links to interface your PCs to the DSL or switch. Additionally, WLANs are accessible anyplace on the planet at a reasonable expense. In the rural and provincial regions Wireless tech suits best. Remote work organizing is the most up to date tech in remote field. Our goal is to distinguish the potential rural clients of Bangladesh who can bear the cost of a financially savvy web access. Root of the StudyThis report has been readied a prerequisite to satisfy the course. This report assesses the business chance of most recent remote work organize innovation in the rural territories of Bangladesh from specialist co-op perspective. Goal of the Study The essential target of this report is to satisfy the course necessity of â€Å"Marketing Management†. The auxiliary target is to portray a detail advertising plan for another innovation. Restriction of the Study There is no legitimate measurements about the potential number of web clients in the rural regions of Bangladesh.As this is another innovation, the expenses of the types of gear fluctuate contingent upon the various makers. We are making another section, so the estimation of potential market depends on the optional information of other existing contenders as opposed to the essential information. Deals and cost is determined on the watchfulness of our part that may shift generally in genuine case usage. Inaccessibility of past year’s monetary report requires more noteworthy plan of action to minor speculating at times. Situational Analysis What is WMN (Wireless Mesh Network)?Mesh systems speak to a rising remote systems administration innovation that guarantees more extensive inclusion than conventional remote LANs and lower sending and activity costs than 3G cell systems. Thus, organize administrators and specialist co-ops consider work systems administration to be a genuine contender to tackle the alleged last mile issue. Some system administrators worldwide have just begun to send work based access systems offering almost universal and modest remote Internet associations with their clients. Models are Ozones work arrange in Paris (www. zone. net/en/) and The Cloud in the City of London (www. thecloud. net). The genuine business potential lies in administrator based work systems. By their methodical structure, organization, and support, administrator based work systems give more significant levels of Quality-of-Service (QoS), which means bigger inclusion, higher speed, and increasingly solid activity. Likewise, it very well may be contended that work arrange administrators in a given geological zone will coordinate so as to additionally upgrade their expenses and increment the QoS gave by their networks.The type of the participation can extend from conventional wandering understandings to joint arrangement of explicit administrations. Figure 1: Wireless Mesh Network Strategic arranging is significant on the grounds that in all around run organizations the objective from the extremely top of the association down to where one is working should shape a pretty much whole chain (or â€Å"hierarchy†) of objectives. At the highest point of the organization the president and their s taff set vital objectives. These objectives should spill out of top and bode well regarding the objectives at the following level up. At that point the bad habit presidents’ subordinates set their own objectives, etc down the line.In thusly, the executives makes a progressive system or chain of departmental objectives, starting from the top the most reduced positioned administrators, and even workers. At that point , if everybody does their activity if every salesman sells his her share, and the project supervisor recruits enough great salesmen, and the HR administrator makes the correct motivating force plan, and the buying head purchases and CEO ought to likewise achieve the in general, expansive vital objectives. One could accordingly say with incredible conviction that without a reasonable arrangement at the top, nobody in the organization would have the foggiest idea of what to do.Wireless Internet Market in Bangladesh Wireless Internet Service was first acquainted with Bangladesh out in the open b y mobile phone monster Grameen Phone. At that point other GSM cell phone administrators like Banglalink, Aktel and Warid go with the same pattern. Citycell, the main CDMA based cell phone administrator in Bangladesh presented the Zoom network access, which was somewhat unique in relation to the next cell phone administrators in that shoppers could interface with web by utilizing a USB modem remembered for the Zoom bundle. Later on Grameen Phone additionally presented a bundle where they incorporate a USB modem.

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Macroeconomics - Essay Example There is a boundless misconception that banks or governments make cash. Indeed the individuals make cash through their difficult work. Banks deal with and reallocate cash and resources. Governments just obtain cash into the lifestyle from the banks. Individuals try sincerely and gain resources which can be purchased or sold, legitimately by trade or using lawful delicate, or through the creation of capital. Everybody who purchases or sells, makers or customers, are brokers. Exchanging, particularly buys, typically occurs in credit. The guarantee to pay makes cash and after creation when the products or administrations get into the market for deals, the obligation is reimbursed. At the point when an obligation is reimbursed, cash which was in exchange is killed or made invalid. Acquiring makes cash and reimbursing it quenches the cash. The effective bank or patron of an advance is all the sellers who exchange with the borrower which is the general public or the market. This is the man ner by which cash is really made, and smothered. Banks go about as clearinghouses, agents who monitor the dealings between vendors. In the LET framework (Local Exchange and Trading framework), which was created 20 years prior as the fundamental financial framework, every vendor opened a record with zero parity in it. The bank charged a little expense for every exchange which turned into the sole salary for the bank. This is the fundamental financial which later formed into offering advances to its clients who needed overabundance cash which they didn't have at a given purpose of time. The enthusiasm on credit turned into another pay for the bank and now it is this pay makes more cash in the market. In order to place more cash into the market, banks began urging clients to place more cash into the bank as different kinds of stores which earned them premiums and which thusly would be loaned out to others as credits by the bank. Along these lines cash made by one individual continues p ivoting in the market through someone else by method for bank

Discerning New Forms of Solidarity that Go Beyond Nation, Religion and Social Class - Free Essay Example

Discerning New Forms of Solidarity that Go Beyond Nation, Religion and Social Class One thing that is clearly evident is that human beings have consistently developed new forms of solidarity as we have evolved from roaming bands of hunters and gatherers to a digital society with swiftly eroding national borders. Organisations such as Mà ©decins sans Frontià ¨res, The Red Cross, and Amnesty international were created as platforms of international solidarity (Baglioni 2001, p. 224). For these organisations, all that mattered was helping people in need, wherever they were and utilising individual expertise for global benefit (Baglioni 2001, p. 227). Today, the primary basis of solidarity is nationalism—i.e. the recognition of a special duty to ones own nation, although this notion is eroding in Europe and Asia. Although there are certainly extremists for nationalism, most support for these movements is moderate, and moderate nationalists would say that the individual does have a moral duty to treat others fairly (Wilde 2004, p. 137). Nevertheless, nationalist sentiments preclude global identification as prioritising ones national group still allows discrimination to flourish. Of course, the next logical step of human solidarity is that of the global level—where through the creation of international bodies, people strive to articulate universal values that are common to all cultures and come together on that basis. The aforementioned organisat ions do play a role in helping us advance to that point, but there are still many things that need to happen before the cosmopolitan ideal can be put in place. For instance, there needs to be a development of a universal system of ethics, a common language for business, science, and politics, and a change in consciousness from being a citizen of Nation A to citizen of the world. In a sense, this has happened as local movements for equal rights have influenced other people around the world to campaign for their own interests as well. As more organisations and governmental bodies are recognising the inherent worth of the individual, it is reasonable to expect that the development of a broader form of solidarity will emerge. In the scholarship of international relations, an increasing number of writers agree that the ‘old international order is insufficient for dealing with the current threats to human survival, such as resource shortages (oil and potable water), increas ed population growth, and chaotic climate patterns (Wilde 2004, p. 137). Therefore, it is recommended that a form of global governance and stewardship should emerge (Hardt Negri 2005, p. 161). Now, more than ever, the primacy of the nation-state is in question, especially as new ways of identification continue to be explored. While some lean to embracing a more local identification—with ones city or cultural group, others believe that identification on the continental or global level would be more relevant (Waterman 2001, p. 200). In the mid-twentieth century, there has been some movement to creating bodies that possess international oversight such as the International Criminal Court to try war crimes, the Geneva Convention, which dictates international provisions for the treatment of prisoners of war, and the United Nations which dictate standards and prohibitions for weapons proliferation and international trade agreement (Tarrow 2011, p. 2). Although this does pres ent a positive advance toward a system that promotes global accountability and global collaboration on certain commercial and environmental issues—there is still a strong tendency to identify nationality before anything else, and in some circles, tribal identity is most important. Social change toward a more global perspective will likely be slow and painful because of the tendency of the ruling class to view all collective action with suspicion—i.e. as a conspiracy or an infection that must be extracted (Melucci 1996, p. 42). One piece of evidence that supports the conclusion of social change as a contagion was the oppositions past reliance on terrorism or guerilla warfare to achieve particular ends (Clark 2009, p. 1). In 1605, Guy Fawkes and his compatriots sought to blow up Parliament in order to kill the king and restore England to Catholicism. On September 11, nineteen hijackers seized control of four US planes and killed more than 3,000 people in order to force Americans from Muslim lands and decrease support for Israel. In both cases, that led to increased persecution of English Catholics and American Muslims and in the latter case, an even larger American presence in the Middle East. This was especially true of governments where any form of verbal dissent meant exile to a prison colony or execution. As violent reactions often backfire, nonviolent protests may succeed where armed resistance has failed in the past. Even though nonviolent protest was always an option as a tool of social change, it was not until the 1940s that it had been thrust into global consciousness (Tarrow 2011, p. 102). Since the movement for Indian Independence in the 1940s, the concept of the nonviolent protest has gained ground, and the results have been astonishing. To those on the outside, the protestors look like champions of social justice while the government looks repressive for violently putting down the protests rather than simply letting them make a statement. This has worked not only to successfully ensure Indian independence in 1947, but also helped to pass Civil Rights laws in the United States in 1965 and ultimately end the state of apartheid in South Africa (Tarrow 2011, p. 216). The world was moving toward a stance of inclusion and tolerance, stressing an appreciation of all cultures. Thus, governments could no longer maintain a racist status quo without global condemnation, nor could it inflict acts of cruelty on its own citizenry without censure (Tarrow 2011, p. 217). ‘The point here, however, is that global politics will slowly penetrate the domestic agendas and there will be a need for articulation of old and new politics (Wilde 2004, p. 150). Several movements from womens rights to anti-war movements and other independence movements have used nonviolent protests to gain their objectives and the current democratic movements in the Middle East and the Occupy Wall Street movement in the US shows tha t it continues to be seen as a viable tool. One critique of the global mindset is that it would, on the micro-level lead to increased unhappiness, mental ill health, and distrust of others. This was especially true as the demands of an industrial society had split up neighbourhoods and created a world where people did not automatically know what their ‘place was (Spencer Pahl 2006, p. 10). Yes, there are more options than ever as people are more free to emigrate to whichever nation would suit them best, but the discontent would more likely be attributed to the consumer-capitalist ideal of defining the individual by the sum of their purchases. This mindset has also been exported around the globe, which makes it difficult to form communities along anything other than product lines. Yet Spencer and Pahl are optimistic that the old communities can be re-established through the virtual communities of the Internet. While the old cities and towns were grouped around people performing a particular occupation, today, a teacher can go online and correspond with other teachers to discuss the challenges of moulding young minds. A doctor could contact other doctors to learn about treatment modalities they have not tried yet. Only in this case, the community of like-minded people is global rather than local in nature. ‘First, while rightly crediting communities for developing our sense of right and wrong, a universal moral sense, it overturns the universality of the moral sense by asserting the priority of a particular communal obligation (Wilde 2004, p. 137). One defining characteristic of the modern Western state is that it is rich in racial, religious, and cultural diversity. Another is that many of these states are relatively peaceful in spite of this heterogeneity. Part of the reason for this is that states have begun to protect the rights of those historically considered to be an Other based on race, religion or gender. One critique of t he liberal policies of cooperation is that it encourages people to think of themselves first as members of religious or ethnic groups rather than members of a society. According to Touraine Macey (2000): ‘What the liberal conception lacks is a principle of unity that can facilitate communication between different actors. This is why we see so many individuals fleeing into communities, which ensure a high level of communication but also enforce a homogeneity that is potentially intolerant and authoritarian (p. 137). One way to avoid this kind of self-segregation is to ensure that society recognises and appreciates the contributions of all member cultures and teaches a mutual valuing of cultures within its educational system (Mason 2000, p. 149). If the dominant society insists that only its own contributions are relevant, minorities would not feel as though they belong to that nation and would continue to behave as strangers in a strange land. If the dominant society is not prepared to acknowledge the needs and interests of minorities, then change often comes slowly through local action. Even though movements such as the one for African American Civil Rights and the one to expel the Chinese from Tibet started out on a local level, they would eventually be able to exert influence on an international level (Pleyers 2011, p. 41). Another example of this is the womens movements. Starting primarily in Western nations, the quest for the rights of women had taken on global significance when taken to nations that had allowed women little to no agency over their lives (e.g. Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan). While there was some success in the sense that women around the world were able to gain increased agency over their lives, they still remain entrenched in inequalities (Lyons 2010, p. 101). Although Eric Fromm wrote with the intention of recognising the tenets of authoritarian regimes and analysing the tendency to get caught up in mass movements, he was pessimistic in the human capacity to establish a global society of peace and love because even as they adopt new ways of thought, the social structures still support the old ways. In this, he uses the example of the European conversion to Christianity. While the old pagan myths showed a strong male protagonist conquering adversaries, Christianity advocates turning the other cheek and practicing love for ones neighbour. However, the history of Europe for the past five hundred years has been steeped in war, conquest, and greed. As Fromm (2007) says: â€Å"European-North American history, in spite of the conversion to the church, is a history of conquest, pride, greed; our highest values are: to be stronger than others, to be victorious, to conquer others and exploit them† (p. 116). This shows that even though a society may choose to embrace certain values, there is a problem of human nature and its slowness to align with their philosophical ideals. However, adaptat ion does take place because even though racism and sexism are still problematic, the Western world is significantly less sexist and racist than it was one hundred years ago. Progress is slow, but it is inevitable. Global solidarity is possible, but it would be a long time in coming. Curiously, the national socialist movements that were quite prominent in the twentieth century had drawn society together with the premise that they faced a common enemy in the existing social structure (Wallerstein 2002). For some nations, it involved becoming independent of a colonial ruler—for others, it was a war of the working class (proletarians) with the middle classes and aristocracy (the bourgeoisie). Usually, the existing structure only served the interests of a very small, wealthy minority and those in charge of the movements sought to create a society where almost every citizen stood to benefit. State governments, such as the Peoples Republic of China and Soviet Russia had taken the position that religion was to blame for widespread inequity and rendered the practice of any faith illegal, even though it provided a sense of community among groups of people. In any case, Wallerstein described the socialist movement in two steps: the revolutionary phase, where the existing government would be overthrown and the transformation phase, where the former revolutionaries are now members of the legitimate government. Wallerstein (2002) argued that this two-part movement was problematic because the government would now have to contend with the fact that they are members of a wider international community whose requirements may get in the way of a particular agenda. On the left, there was also the problem of balancing the interests of women and minorities, as movement leaders have often promised that they would be solved ‘after the revolution. Working to restore most inequities may be a viable first step for socialist revolutions, but the needs of each sup porting group need to be considered. In summation, there is evidence that we are heading toward an expanding view of solidarity. While some European nations were caught in the grasp of nationalism during and after World War II, in 1958, six states established what would become the European Union—which would create a larger economic community and dismantle obstacles to travelling between member states. While member states have more autonomy than members of a federation (e.g. the US) with respect to the maintenance of the military or foreign policy, all member states must agree to support a democratic free market and the rule of law. Considering the sheer diversity of language, religion and culture, this was a remarkable achievement. This was what Honneth (1996) had in mind when he said that genuine solidarity was created not out of passive tolerance for one another, but with active concern for each citizen on to a degree, which encourages them to contribute their gift s and talents to abstract societal goals (p. 129). This does not mean that people should have a symmetrical level of esteem on a personal level, but instead cultivate a desire for people to develop their best positive attributes, even if it seems foreign. Yes, progress has indeed been made but the global community still has a long way to go before it reaches the point where the vast majority of people consider themselves to be citizens of the world rather than a member of a certain nation or race. According to Wilde (2004): ‘there needs to be a â€Å"more heroic† version of universalism that attaches no intrinsic significance to national boundaries†¦ Cosmopolitanism [should be] the â€Å"ideal of the future†, which could not yet be realised because of the strength of national sentiments was too great (p. 138). Given the level of existential issues such as food and water shortages in a time of unchecked population growth, humanity can only travel one of two paths: global warfare or cooperative management of resources. Since humanity now has the capability to destroy itself, cooperation and global citizenship is the only realistic solution to these problems, otherwise the scope of felt solidarity would once more degenerate to the level of nation, race, religion, or social class. Perhaps Fromm is right in that while human beings can adapt to the reality of a new situation, the fundamentals of human nature can never change enough to ensure the development of a peaceful global society. Bibliography Baglioni, S. (2001) ‘Solidarity Movement Organizations: Towards an Active Global Consciousness in M. Guigni and F. Passy (eds) Political Altruism: Solidarity Movements in International Perspective, Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Clark, H. (ed.) (2009) People Power: Unarmed Resistance and Global Solidarity, London: Pluto Press Fromm, E. (2007) To Have or to Be?, New York: Continuum Publishing Group Hardt, M. Negri, A. (2005) Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire, New York/London: Penguin Honneth, A. (1996) The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts, Cambridge: Polity Press Lyons, L. (2010) ‘Framing Transnational Feminism: Examining Migrant Worker Organizing in Singapore. In Dufour, P., Masson, D. and Cauette, D., eds. Solidarities Beyond Borders: Transnational Womens Movements. British Columbia: UBC Press Mason, A. (2000) Community, Solidarity and Belonging, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Melucci, A. (1996) Challenging Code s: Collective Action in the Information Age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Pleyers, G. (2011) Alter-Globalization: Becoming Actors in the Global Age, Cambridge: Polity Press Spencer, L. Pahl, R.E. (2006) Rethinking Friendship: Hidden Solidarities Today, Princeton: Princeton University Press Tarrow, S.G. (2011) Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Touraine, A. Macey, D. (2000) Can We Live Together? Equality and Difference, Stanford: Stanford University Press Wallerstein, I. (2002) â€Å"New Revolts Against the System† in New Left Review, Vol. 18 (available electronically) Waterman, P. (2001) Globalization, Social Movements and the New Internationalisms, New York: Continuum Group Wilde, L. (2004) Erich Fromm and the Quest For Solidarity, New York: Palgrave Macmillan

A Sample of Personal Narrative Essay

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