Persepolis A Child s Perspective - 1222 Words

â€Å"Iran was the epitome of evil† This was the world’s view of Iran during its revolution. Persepolis is the autobiography of Marjane Satrapi, and it is written from a child’s perspective. Telling Persepolis from a child’s perspective affects the empathy a reader would have for Marji because people often feel more sympathy for children than other adults. Children are often seen as innocent, impressionable, and kind. This places them in a separate category where they are often judged as innocent until proven guilty because they typically do not have the experience nor the will to lie, hurt, or deceive people. Adults, unlike children, can have all or some of the aforementioned characteristics that cause them to be judged as guilty until†¦show more content†¦Taji says this because she also believes strongly in what she has taught her daughter and to her, Ramin is too young to fully understand the meaning behind his words. Although she criticiz es Ramin’s parents for this, she does the same thing with Marji. Marji’s opinions on the revolution are shaped by the stories her father tells, what her teachers tell her in class, and what she hears from her friends. As Marji grows and gains her own experience and knowledge about the world, she is able to use it to form her own opinions about the Iranian Revolution. However, as a child, she is too young and inexperienced to form a well-thought opinion. Children are impressionable, but especially when they are very young. They soak up the world around them like sponges in water. However, in Persepolis, this impressionability mixed with their innate innocence can cause them to misconstrue the world around them. For example, after hearing that Ramin’s father was in the Savak ( the secret police of the Shah regime), Marji convinced her friends to â€Å"Put nails between [their] fingers like American brass knuckles and attack Ramin† (45) because it would be honoring â€Å"The name of the dead million† (45) who had died during the many protests and fights. Marji and her friends were just doing what they felt was right based on what they had seen and heard from their parents. This innocence demonstrates the naivety a child’s mind can have about theShow MoreRelatedPersepolis : A Revolutionary Book Revolutionize The Christian Perspective1265 Words   |  6 PagesPersepolis: A Revolutionary Book to Revolut ionize the Christian Perspective Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel, Persepolis, is a spellbinding read. From start to finish, the story grips the reader with its thought provoking content and touching storyline. The author’s depiction of war torn Iran provides its audience with a better understanding of a people that many Western communities deem as ungodly and dangerous. By reading Satrapi’s work, it becomes clear that the Iranian people are much less one-dimensionalRead MorePersepolis Reflection Paper1578 Words   |  7 PagesDuring our â€Å"Interactive Oral Discussion† regarding Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi the class discussed many topics. As a group, we began by talking about the genre of the graphic novel. The artistic style and technique used by Satrapi was addressed specifically. I mentioned that I appreciated the mono color, by using black and white it effected the readers by making the text more serious. Another comment was added; the use of minimal color was effective. Another main topic discussed was the characterizationRead MorePersepolis : The Story Of An Iranian Child Meeting Westernized Culture1205 Words   |  5 Pages Persepolis: the story of an Iranian child meeting Westernized culture Works in Translation Paper English A: Literature HL Catalina Pino-Rios XXXXX (Candidate Number) Mrs. Smithson May 2017 Bethesda Chevy Chase High School Word Count: 1207 Many people from around the world have a different perspectives of what western culture really is depending on where you are in the world, or what cultures and religions you follow. Some see is at a place of wealthRead MorePersepolis: perceptions of the veil1546 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Persepolis; Perceptions of the veil [Satrapi, (b) p52] â€Å"And say to the believing woman that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty...that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty...† SÃ… «rah 24:31 The autobiographical novel â€Å"Persepolis† depicts the early stages of its author, Marjane Satrapi’s life. It shows her growing up in Iran, to her studies in Vienna, and her return. In an interview in 2008, she stated that she composedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Persepolis 1206 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters was a single child. Alyssa is a single child, who grew up with the same type of attention Marjane Starapi received in Persepolis. Even though Marjane had close relations with many people in Persepolis, such as her uncle, the main similarity between this text and Alyssa’s story is that they both turn to their parents if they were truly concerned or confused. But each of them had family members whom were prevalent parts in their lives. The main character in Persepolis is stuck in the Iran RevolutionRead MoreMarjane Satrapis Persepolis1238 Words   |  5 PagesPersepolis Review â€Å"One can forgive but one should never forget† is one of the quotes that Marjane Satrapi says in her memoir titled Persepolis. The memoir tells the story of Marjane when she was ten years old during the Islamic Revolution in the Middle East, specifically in her home country Iran. Most people evacuated the country because they knew there was not going to be a safe, prosperous future for their children. Due to Marji’s development from youth to maturity, she undergoes teenage rebellionRead MoreMarjane Satrapi s Story Of The Complete Persepolis Essay1022 Words   |  5 PagesImagine a child growing up in a war-torn country, and imagine them having no idea where she or he fits in all this. This child at first holds onto their religion because it is safe and the only thing solid in their crumbling world. Yet, this too will be taken from the child. Now lost and confused the child must find their way in an unfriendly world. This is not a fictitious story. This is an actual event that happened to the author of The Complete Persepolis. Marjane Satrapi, the author of The CompleteRead MoreFeminist Criticism Of Persepolis1205 Words   |  5 Pages Feminist Criticism in Persepolis Throughout Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis, she attempted to clarify the impulsive, stereotypical misinterpretations the western world placed on the Iranian comportment and political tendency of the people (www.bartleby.com ). She was infuriated by the generalizations and passionate about explicating the adequate condition (NY Film Festival Press Conference). By creating a book that illustrates her childlike perspective of the repressist world around her, SatrapiRead MoreWorld War II Comic Books Failed2324 Words   |  10 Pagesinto the perspective of Art as he grips the page at the same place that we grip the page. This combination of both low brow and amusing, with powerful, effective methods of putting the reader into the mind of the author or subject is unique to the graphic novel medium, and this level of mixing of both fun and popular and smart is the element of graphic stories which give them such efficacy in telling emotionally impactful stories. In a similar fashion to Maus, Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis is alsoRead MoreMarjane Satrapi s Persepolis 1314 Words   |  6 PagesPersepolis is an autobiography of Marjane Satrapi’s childhood in her native Iran. She writes about being a child in Iran through the Iranian revolution and the Iran-Iraq war. As Satrapi recounts stories of her youth, one can observe that the Iran-Iraq war and the Iranian revolution are the central events driving the entire story. When the revolution and war happens, the dynamics of the book change completely. War creates a sense of unity and nationalism. Marjane shows a large contrast between her

1984 About Winston - 1091 Words

1984: Winston Smith The book 1984, by George Orwell, was written to poke fun at the idea of totalitarianism and utopias. A utopia is a perfect society in which there is no hate or displeasure, but because it is impossible to achieve, it is thought of as imaginary. A dystopia, which is 1984, is the opposite of a utopia and is a place with oppression, human suffering, and famine. The main character, Winston Smith, is initially against the party and big brother, which is totalitarianism. However, his mindset changes a few times throughout the book. Winston became more active in rebelling against big brother, changed his feelings toward the party ideals, but he still lives in the same area throughout the story. In part one†¦show more content†¦This is proven later when they pass each other in the city and stop to speak, but neither of them wanted to meet again and they both knew they betrayed one another. Winston was sitting in the Chestnut Tree Cafà © and was watching th e telescreen announcements and felt excited, and then as he left he saw a poster of big brother, realizing he loved him and felt safe and secure. â€Å"He loved big brother†(Orwell 298). This is when he accepted big brother and the party into his life. Despite Winston’s vast mental and also physical changes he remained in the same place in the same city, accept now he enjoyed living in a place where he agreed with party and for him it might have been a utopia. Regardless, he could not have left if he wanted to, but he did not want to. He was content to live out the rest of his life in a location that he understands with people he understands. After his release, he spent most, if not all of his time drinking victory gin in the Chestnut Tree Cafà ©. â€Å"From fifteen to closing time he was a fixture in the Chestnut tree.†(Orwell 294) He sat at the same table and was really was a fixture like a table or lamp. He blended into the others inside the cafà © who seemed to have gone through something similar to him. With his new found love for big brother, the telescreens and posters strewn everywhere probably made him feel great. The events in 1984 are conflicting, between the party, O’brien, Julia,Show MoreRelatedGeorge Orwells 19841138 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell’s â€Å"1984† perfectly captures a potential dystopia that would occur to the human race if a totalitarian government was present. As a result of this, Orwell identifies the purpose of the novel: to warn people what could possibly happen if they were not careful. A totalitarian government is similar to a dictatorship and demands complete obedience. Orwell focused on what type of plot would be most beneficial, how the plot would impact the audience, and how the subplot builds on a conflictRead More1984 Argument1249 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell’s book 1984 is a very interesting novel. The novel is set up in Airstrip One. In George Orw ell’s book 1984 it has many situations. One of the many situations are that some people refer society as â€Å"Orwellian.† What does Orwellian mean? Orwellian means, of or related to the works of George Orwell ( especially his picture of his future totalitarian state.) People believe that Orwell is realistic and say his work part of our society now. George Orwell was a writer in the twentieth centuryRead MoreFrancess Kargbo. Mr. Bond-Theriault. 2Nd Period. 22 March1623 Words   |  7 PagesBond-Theriault 2nd period 22 March 2017 1984 By: George Orwell From a new historicism , and psychoanalytic criticism view. â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You† As the future nears, most of humanity is starting to realize that â€Å"2+2=5†(. There is manipulation that occurs constructed by the government to control every aspect of reality, technology taking human jobs, those who control the present write history, social hierarchy, and wars that have no purpose. 1984 by Eric Arthur Blair is known by his penRead More1984 Unorthodox Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagesis a common trait in the book titled 1984 by George Orwell. 1984 by George Orwell is originally written in the year 1949. George Orwell used the time he was present in to predict a future that he believed to exist if his way of living continued. In Orwell’s dystopian novel, 1984, a character named Winston Smith is an unorthodox character in several ways. Winston is an unorthodox member of society physically, emotionally, and intellectually. Physically Winston Smith defies Big Brother through writingRead MoreGovernment Surveillance And Totalitarianism In George Orwells 19841593 Words   |  7 PagesThe Correlation of Government Surveillance and Totalitarianism in 1984 During the production of 1984, author George Orwell never envisioned a tangible reality housing the society he constructed. He wrote the novel as a warning, a cautious exposà © showing those what could happen if society lost its sense of humanity; housed in a painfully relevant satire of totalitarian barbarism. In his novel 1984, George Orwell addresses the issue of government surveillance through his strategic use of point of viewRead MoreSymbolism In George Orwells 19841349 Words   |  6 Pages Symbolism in 1984 Literary concepts are often used in books to make the reading experience more enjoyable. In George Orwell’s 1984, Orwell uses a key literary element, symbolism, to do this. Orwell does this in a unique way. He makes the reader want to think one way, when the reality is far different. This causes the reader to be surprised when the truth of the matter is revealed. He is able to do this by having certain objects represent one thing, and then later reveal it is something far differentRead MoreIntroduction. 1984 Is One Of OrwellS Most Famous Masterpieces,1267 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction 1984 is one of Orwell s most famous masterpieces, and it is a work of opposition to totalitarianism. As a political allegory, 1984 is also Orwell’s last work, which is with his greatest efforts. On the basis of his own experience, Orwell combines reality and 1984 closely, in order to give people a sense of reality. In the book, the description of anti Utopia reflects Orwell s concern about the political trend of the whole human society. His political thinking is summed up in this bookRead More1984 Dystopian Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pages Ryan Li 8/22/17 AP Lit/Comp Summer reading 1984 1984 is written by George Orwell and published on June 8, 1949. It s genre is dystopian is dystopian and utopian fiction. 1984 could also be considered a work of political fiction. It is written in the literary period of modernism. Modernism originates in the late 19th and early 20th century mainly in North America and Europe. It is characterized by it s intentional break from traditional ways of writing both in prose fiction and poetryRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1045 Words   |  5 PagesAndrea Keefe Honors English 11, Period 3 VanCuran 3/27/2017 1984 Foreword The time period in which 1984 was set was in the year 1984. It was very different from what our â€Å"1984† was like. Even though this book was not based on actual historical events, it does compare to things that happen in our society today. George Orwell also known as Eric Blair was born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal. Orwell died on January 21st, 1950 in London, UnitedRead MoreEssay on George Orwells 1984667 Words   |  3 PagesOrwells 1984 1984 as an Anti-Utopian Novel A utopia is an ideal or perfect community. While some writers have created fictional places that embody their ideals societies, other writers have written satires that ridicule existing conditions of society, or anti-utopias, which show possible future societies that are anything but ideal. In 1984 , George Orwell presents a terrifying picture of future as life under the constant surveillance of â€Å"Big Brother.† This book 1984 is an anti-utopian novel

The Potential Effects of Sustainable Technology within the New Zealand

Question: Discuss about the Potential Effects of Sustainable Technology within the New Zealand Market. Answer: Introduction This report is prepared to focus on the potential effects of sustainable technology within the New Zealand market. Moreover, this report focuses on the issue raised within the industry along with the applied sustainable technology against the issue. Therefore the report is prepared by focussing on the issue of Coca-Cola in New Zealand. In relation to that issue, the investigation is carried out in this report using the quadruple bottom line for the elimination of the specific issue. Coca-Cola Case Study The Coca-Cola Company is one of the companies producing refreshing drinks of various kinds. Moreover, it is the worlds largest beverage company that produces almost 3900 beverage choices by having companys portfolio structure of 21 billion dollar brands. In those brands, the company contains the brand of low or no or reduced calorie options. Therefore the New Zealand also contains a wide portfolio of Coca-Cola which is committed to providing valuable products to the customers (Coca-Cola, 2017). But in some instances the environmental factors creates issues and for that reason, the company is aiming towards the minimization of impacts of their process over the environment (Coca-Cola, 2017). By removing the environmental issues the company can attain sustainability. For that reason, Coca-Cola has adopted a target of minimizing environmental impact. Out of all the environmental impacts, the issue that has been investigated in this case is the water stewardship. The issue of water has always been a concern for Coca-Cola (Coca-Cola, 2017). Therefore it is regularly active in solving the issue raised to reduce the impact of water stewardship and in return, it is trying to make the minimal usage of water in its production. Investigation of technology as per the problem Water Stewardship is the process that will make the understanding of various challenges and consequences faced due to the shortage as well as wastage of water from the shared resources. In current conditions, the whole world is in threat because there has been a gradual increase in pressure within the ecosystems resulting from the global water crisis. In that case, Coca-Cola aims to make the replenishment of water which it is using. In the year 2012, Coca-Cola New Zealand is using almost 1.73 liters of water per liter of beverage (Arashiro Mormile, 2013). This figure is gradually reduced up to 1.54 by the end of 2014. Coca-Cola is planning to reduce this figure more up to 2020 by 100%. Therefore Coca-Cola New Zealand is planning for the development of stringent water-saving strategies by making the investment towards the improved infrastructure, research, and technology (Bhuiya, et al., 2016). In that case, the company had adopted few of the initiatives by which there will be the reduction of the water usage across the business. For that reason, the company had opted for the optimization of cleaning programs, recycling of the bottle rinse water in the juice plants. This action makes the reduction of water use by 8% (Bohnsack, Pinkse Kolk, 2014). Again the company went for the adoption of the dry lubricant conveyor system that basically does not use any water. The use of this system will definitely make the reduction of water use by 1.6% in the carbonated beverages plants. Coca-Cola planned to establish these options keeping the water conservation into mind. But only water conservation is not important, sustainability is also quite important. Therefore for that reason to attain sustainability Coca-Cola uses a particular technology which is environment-friendly and helps in fulfilling the aim of reduction of water usage from the environment (Dangana, Pan Goodhew, 2013). Building healthy watersheds is the sustainable technology that will help in the making the reduction of water usage by Coca-Cola. For that reason supporting the building of healthy watershed is one of the key priorities of Coca-Cola. It is because water is the essential unit for manufacturing the beverages as well as soft drinks. Therefore as the water stewardship is one of the significant components of sustainable efforts of Coca-Cola so the company is using a strategic process that will make the reuse of used water. The goal of 100% replenishment of water is fulfilled by the use of watershed management (Dimitrievska, et al., 2014). The sustainable technology of watershed management uses the watershed process which includes a particular area of land which keeps the rain or snow and the drain or seeps into the river, lake or stream or any groundwater. It is the process that can be done anywhere like in-house, farms, forests, cottages, big cities or small towns. Moreover, the watershed is a collaborative process of cross municipal, provincial or even the international borders. In that case managing the watershed is thereafter becomes important. Again managing the watershed involves the proper distribution of the water resources thereafter having the implementation of the programs or the plans to manage the water supply, water quality, and drainage along with the whole utilization of watershed. Therefore Coca-Cola took the decision of watershed technology to enhance the availability and quality of the local as well as available water resources (Ekman, et al., 2013). This integrated and collaborative approach brings the improvisation of water efficiency by working in partnerships. This partnership is in between the pollution controlling body of New Zealand, the Governing body of New Zealand and the environmental laws of New Zealand. The collaboration of these three result into the protection of watersheds that eventually make the promotion of sustainable water management (Gonzlez-Gil, Palacin Batty, 2013). Therefore Coca-Cola made the partnership with the municipalities, universities, watershed conservation organizations and many community groups to form the rain barrels as well as the area in which the water can be collected. Moreover, the rain barrels are of low cost and save money on various water bills and basically conserve the water during dry periods. In this case, the use of watershed by Coca-Cola will help them in minimizing the rate of water that the company withdraws each day (Islas-Espinoza de las Heras, 2015). The formation of watershed will make withdraw of water from the reserved water. This makes the saving of the local water resources from being used in the manufacturing of the beverages. For that reason, Coca-Cola considers the management operation in a regional scale by considering the needs and demands of all users along with all cumulative impact (Ivshina, et al., 2015). Another important fact is the sustainable technology of watershed management helps in improving the efficiency of water resources. With the implementation of technology, the manufacturing plant conducts a regular survey for managing the risks associated. In addition, the watershed takes care of all types of waters from the natural environment and does the waste water treatment. In that case, the treated water is released to the environment which goes to the agricultural land (Li, Yu, He, 2014). There it supports the plant as well as many aquatic animals. Therefore the use of watershed technology is best to deal with the water stewardship issue which brings back the sustainability in the environment. It is because it decreases the amount of water used along with the various uses of the recycled water in the environment. PEST Analysis by using Quadruple Bottom Line The report presents the case study of Coca-cola in relation to the use of sustainable technology to establish sustainability within the environment. The main aim towards this activity is to save or conserve the water. Therefore Coca-Cola is quite resourceful to tackle the issue of water stewardship. For that reason, Coca-Cola is aiming at improving the efficiency of water by treating all the waste water. In addition, it is also aiming at the 100% replenishment of water from the environment. All these activities need a proper analysis of the external environment of Coca-Cola in New Zealand (Luthra, et al., 2015). In addition, the analysis of the external environment is based upon the quadruple bottom line. The quadruple bottom line is acquired by the company to attain the sustainable prosperity within the organization. The quadruple bottom includes the competitive productivity for profit, sustainability of the planets resources, quality of life for people and finally the progress. All the four Ps of the quadruple bottom line features a proper framework for the analysis of measuring the development of sustainable prosperity of Coca-cola in New Zealand (McIntyre, Ivanaj Ivanaj, 2013). The people of the quadruple bottom line indicate the quality of the life for the people enhancing the health, wellbeing, and vigour of the individuals. The profit section indicates the competitive productivity in making the production and distribution of the goods and services. This will enhance the consumption along with the profit with scarce resources in the environment (Nsamba, et al., 2015). Thereafter the planet indicates the selection of various sustainable ecosystems in the environment calculating the individual, community as well as the ecosystems that have their survival across life spans and generations. And lastly, the progress includes the adaptive innovation that delivers the basic ideology that brings out the adaptive learning and change as per the condition of the environment. Depending upon the quadruple bottom line further, there will be the analysis of the external environment. The description of the political, economic, social, technological, and legal and environment will add on to answer the question regarding the sustainability of the above-mentioned technology (Ozaki Shaw, 2014). Political: Coca-Cola is such a company that depends upon the food development authority to make sure about the rules and regulations announced by the government of New Zealand. Government and its laws are also included to carry out the sustainable works for the water stewardship raised for Coca-Cola. Further, any kind of changes to the rules and laws of Government will hinder the distribution of the drinks as well as beverages of Coca-Cola in New Zealand (Pattnaik Dhal, 2015). Moreover again the company can also face threatening from the rules as well as laws of accounting, internal marketing, change in labour laws and taxes. In current times the government is also showing its interest and collaboration for the purpose of establishment of sustainable technologies for treating the water stewardship caused. Economic: It is one of the known beverage brands that engross different culture, taste, desires and customs of varied population. It had brought ample amount of changes in between their products depending upon the demand of the customers as per the quadruple bottom line. In that state, the company owns almost more than $100 billion worth of equity which is the resultant of beverage industry (Pickett, 2013). Therefore it is quite better if the company is opting for the watershed management to deal with the issues of water stewardship. This step will be beneficial to the environment as well as the customers across the globe. Social: The products of Coca-Cola Company revolve around all countries across the globe depending upon the demands of the customers. But gradually that choices decrease in case of soft drinks and it is shifted to the health drinks. Thereafter the organization takes care of the environment and makes the manufacturing of organic drinks which can be advantageous as per the quadruple bottom line choices (Prica, Ili? Ili?, 2015). Technological: The development of technology laid down the advancements within the machinery that eventually helped in the product development and quality management. Moreover, they also enhanced the chances of fast delivery. The use of bottling plant is another strong example of technology advancement that enhances the water efficiency (Soltani, Sadiq Hewage, 2016). Also, the technology makes the water savings during the production lines which is in favour of quadruple bottom line. By this manner, the technological factor also is well integrated for the sustainability establishment in Coca-Cola in New Zealand. Legal: The company possesses all the rights and reservation of its legal activities by which the company can pursue all its activities depending upon the suitability of the place where it is working. Therefore it is quite active in implementing specific law that will lower down the water stewardship raised in New Zealand (Stritih, et al., 2015). In addition, the companys legal activities also ensure that the company should not face any kind of issue by acquiring the sustainability process during manufacturing. In that way, it will not disturb the quadruple bottom line and makes the establishment of sustainability. Environment: Now this is the matter of fact that Coca-Cola affects the processing nature by affecting the water accessibility. It is because water is the sole source for the manufacturing of soft drinks and beverages. In that case, the company utilizes almost 1.73 litters of water per litter of beverage by the year 2012. Therefore it has to control this usage and reduce it to zero. For that reason, the issue of water stewardship is raised which should be cleared within time. The company, therefore, took the decision of implementation of watershed technology to resolve the water accessibility issue. In that case, the company also need to adhere to the environmental laws implemented by the government of New Zealand. Thus the company will take care of the environmental aspects which will also be beneficial to the quadruple bottom, i.e.., the people, profit, planet and progress in establishing the sustainability within the organization in New Zealand. Like the recycling of the bottles will help in reducing the water use by 8%. Similarly, the adoption of the dry lubricant conveyor systems will help in reducing the water usage by 1.6% (Xing, et al., 2015). Now the question comes which asks about the sustainability of the used technology. The answer is a yes that the technology used can be considered as a sustainable technology because it satisfies the quadruple bottom line. The people, planet, profit, as well as progress all, get benefitted from this technology acquired by Coca-Cola. Future Prospects of Sustainable Technology The issue that has been investigated in this report is the water accessibility within the manufacturing of Coca-Cola beverages in New Zealand. In addition to that, there are various numbers of issues relating to the scarcity of other resources along with the climate change. In this case, Coca-Cola had taken the initiative to make the reduction of the water usage and went for the investment of almost $4billion in reduction of water usage as well as the improvisation of water qualities in New Zealand and all other parts where it is working. In addition, the company also working with the collaboration of various global as well as local partners that help the company in replenishing the used water back to nature in variable ways. Therefore this technology can be a boon to the environment in replenishing the water accessibility issue (Pattnaik Dhal, 2015). Moreover, the technology also leads to the saving of energy during manufacturing. The technology used in this process helps the company is enhancing the efficiency of the program so all the companies in the market can use the technology during manufacturing. In addition as this is a collaborative process, so the process can be beneficial in enhancing the coordination and relation in between the local, state and federal agencies. One of the important future aspects it will engage the public through various roles (Islas-Espinoza de las Heras, 2015). The spreading of awareness makes the public aware and provides active participation in the meetings for resolving the water accessibility issue from the environment. For that reason, the company currently started the use of dry lubricant conveyor to make the less use of water along with the addition of optimizing cleaning programs. Again the company is also using the sustainable packaging to make the reduction of the carbon footprint in the beverages by making it light weight. Along with that, there is the use of auto sensors during the manufacturing of carbonated drinks. Also, there is the installation of energy efficient lighting (Gonzlez-Gil, Palacin Batty, 2013). Further, the company is looking forward to reducing the water use by 3.0 billion litters. In addition, Coca-Cola is planning for the development by committing itself to make the use of 30% of energy during manufacturing and recovering for recycling of 50% of its packaging that is introduced within the market. In that case, the researchers are also developing some substitute of sugar to replace it in the formulas to establish a sustainable future. Conclusion The report majorly highlights the basic idea of the relationship in between the sustainability as well as the quadruple bottom line. Moreover, the report also highlighted the water accessibility concern of Coca-Cola in New Zealand that can be solved through the proposed sustainable technology. However, the political, environmental, economical, social, legal and technological aspects reveal the sustainability of the technology used in this report. Therefore further basing upon these specifications the report came up with various future prospects of the technology used along with its proposed developments that will be beneficial to the country. References Arashiro, S. M. T., Mormile, M. (2013). Special Issue: Sustainable technologies: bioenergy and biofuel from biowaste and biomass.Environmental technology,34(13/14), 1637-2211. Bhuiya, M. M. K., Rasul, M. G., Khan, M. M. K., Ashwath, N., Azad, A. K. (2016). Prospects of 2nd generation biodiesel as a sustainable fuelPart: 1 selection of feedstocks, oil extraction techniques and conversion technologies.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,55, 1109-1128. Bohnsack, R., Pinkse, J., Kolk, A. (2014). Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles.Research Policy,43(2), 284-300. Coca-Cola. (2017). Coca-cola.comRetrieved 3 April 2017, from https://www.coca-cola.com / Dangana, Z., Pan, W., Goodhew, S. (2013). A decision making system for selecting sustainable technologies for retail buildings.Energy and the Built Environment Proceedings. Dimitrievska, M., Fairbrother, A., Prez-Rodrguez, A., Saucedo, E., Izquierdo-Roca, V. (2014). Raman scattering crystalline assessment of polycrystalline Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin films for sustainable photovoltaic technologies: Phonon confinement model.Acta Materialia,70, 272-280. Ekman, A., Campos, M., Lindahl, S., Co, M., Brjesson, P., Karlsson, E. N., Turner, C. (2013). Bioresource utilisation by sustainable technologies in new value-added biorefinery conceptstwo case studies from food and forest industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,57, 46-58. Gonzlez-Gil, A., Palacin, R., Batty, P. (2013). Sustainable urban rail systems: Strategies and technologies for optimal management of regenerative braking energy.Energy conversion and management,75, 374-388. Islas-Espinoza, M., de las Heras, A. (2015). WEF nexus: From cancer effects of xenobiotics to integrated sustainable technologies.Sustainable Production and Consumption,2, 128-135. Ivshina, I. B., Kuyukina, M. S., Krivoruchko, A. V., Elkin, A. A., Makarov, S. O., Cunningham, C. J., ... Philp, J. C. (2015). Oil spill problems and sustainable response strategies through new technologies.Environmental Science: Processes Impacts,17(7), 1201-1219. Li, W. W., Yu, H. Q., He, Z. (2014). Towards sustainable wastewater treatment by using microbial fuel cells-centered technologies.Energy Environmental Science,7(3), 911-924. Luthra, S., Kumar, S., Garg, D., Haleem, A. (2015). Barriers to renewable/sustainable energy technologies adoption: Indian perspective.Renewable and sustainable energy Reviews,41, 762-776. McIntyre, J. R., Ivanaj, S., Ivanaj, V. (Eds.). (2013).Strategies for sustainable technologies and innovations. Edward Elgar Publishing. Nsamba, H. K., Hale, S. E., Cornelissen, G., Bachmann, R. T. (2015). Sustainable technologies for small-scale biochar productiona review.Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems,5(01), 10. Ozaki, R., Shaw, I. (2014). Entangled practices: governance, sustainable technologies, and energy consumption.Sociology,48(3), 590-605. Pattnaik, B. K., Dhal, D. (2015). Mobilizing from appropriate technologies to sustainable technologies based on grassroots innovations.Technology in Society,40, 93-110. Pickett, J. A. (2013). Food security: intensification of agriculture is essential, for which current tools must be defended and new sustainable technologies invented.Food and Energy Security,2(3), 167-173. Prica, M., Ili?, M., Ili?, J. (2015, February). An algorithmic interactive planning framework in support of sustainable technologies. InInnovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 2015 IEEE Power Energy Society(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Soltani, A., Sadiq, R., Hewage, K. (2016). Selecting sustainable waste-to-energy technologies for municipal solid waste treatment: a game theory approach for group decision-making.Journal of Cleaner Production,113, 388-399. Stritih, U., Paksoy, H., Turgut, B., Osterman, E., Evliya, H., Butala, V. (2015). Sustainable energy management: solar energy and thermal storage technologies in two Mediterranean countries.Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal,26(5), 764-790. Xing, R., Hanaoka, T., Kanamori, Y., Dai, H., Masui, T. (2015). An impact assessment of sustainable technologies for the Chinese urban residential sector at provincial level.Environmental Research Letters,10(6), 065001.

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management free essay sample

A magnet hospital is considered to be one where nursing provides excellent patient care, where nurses have a high level of job satisfaction, and where there is a low staff nurse turnover rate. This paper will discuss how nursing leaders and managers obtain magnet designation. Nursing leaders and managers play an important role in attaining magnet designation and take different approaches in order to achieve such status. Obtaining magnet status is essential and highly recognized in the nursing practice today. Nurses play a vital role in patients’ and families’ overall experience and are the primary source of care and support during the most vulnerable times in an individuals’ life. At magnet hospitals, nurses are attentive and knowledgeable, spending more time at patients bedsides providing compassionate and upmost quality of care. Managers are constantly striving to maintain quality service and patient care through the use of patient surveys in order to plan short and long term objectives in order to take appropriate actions. With the use of patient surveys, managers are able to inform their staff on areas for improvement or where to keep up the good work. Managers provide direction and motivation to their nursing unit in order to carry out desired actions and are focused on making sure that their staff are following the correct policies and procedures in order to maintain a safe workplace. Leadership in nursing maintains proper policies and procedures, but the main focus is on influencing staff to accomplish goals. Nurse leaders inspire others to work together in quest of a shared goal, for instance, improved patient care. The nurse leader is a critical thinker, sets goals, uses effective communication, and recognizes the emotional needs of others (Roskoski, 2012). Nurse leaders carry out any changes that are to be made that have been implemented by management. Scottsdale Healthcare is an organization of magnet status and is continuously striving to find ways in which to improve patient satisfaction and quality of care. As of October 2011, Scottsdale Healthcare implemented bedside report in order increase patient satisfaction providing the patient and family knowledge in regards to their condition and plan of care in order to set goals for the patients recovery and gives them the ability to ask questions. Prior to bedside report taking effect, management gathered all employees from the unit going over what is to be expected and how bedside report was not only taking effect on our unit alone, but hospital wide. Nursing leaders knew that they had a situation at hand due to the fact that nursing staff was so comfortable in giving report at the nurses station and did not want to wake the patient or deal with a family member, but they remained positive and encouraged staff that this would dramatically change our satisfaction scores. In maintaining patient satisfaction scores, the hospital would qualify for reimbursement from Medicare. The nurse leaders were the one’s who made the transition a smooth process, as the managers just informed staff how things were going to be. The nurse leaders give others the ability to understand the vision, informing those of why they are being asked to do things, and how it relates to the bigger picture (The difference between leadership and management, 2012). In order to maintain magnet status, managers and nurse leaders must work together in order to meet the necessary requirements. With implementing bedside report, not only have patient satisfaction scores increased, the rapport between patient and nurse and quality of care has increased as well. Organizations such as Scottsdale Healthcare are recognized for treating their employees with respect and encourage educational growth in offering tuition reimbursement. With upholding magnet status, organizations are able to keep their employees when given the ability to offer such programs. This writer has been an employee at Scottsdale Healthcare for five years now and has seen many changes take effect on the unit implemented by the nurse manager striving to increase patient satisfaction. Changes that have occurred on the unit consist of edside reporting, hourly rounding, and updated white boards for patient information, just to name a few. Within the past couple of months, patient satisfaction scores have decreased and management is not happy. The nurse managers have informed staff that if hourly rounding, bedside reporting, and updating white boards are not being completed employees will be reprimanded. The nurse managers have been going into patient rooms asking the patients if their nurse has been performing the tasks as listed above, and take it upon themselves to tell the patient that if these tasks are not being performed, then the nurse could possibly be terminated. With all the negative feedback from the managers, nurses are becoming burned out. The nurse managers want to see an increase in outcomes, but drive to do so is lacking from constant negative feedback. At the last staff meeting, we were informed that if patient outcomes did not increase, then we need to start looking for employment because there are other individuals out there that would love to have our position. On the other hand, the nurse leaders acknowledge the irritation of decreased satisfaction scores, but go above and beyond to build up morale for a positive change. Those who take the time to listen to others and incorporate ways to improve issues on the unit are considered as participatory leaders. This leadership style includes the leader and one or more employees in the decision making process (Leadership Styles, 2010). As a team, the nurse leader and employees will be able to come up with a plan on ways to improve patient satisfaction, with the nurse leader having the final say. All in all, managers and nurse leaders ultimately have the same goal; it is just the difference in approaches and how one handles stress. A nurse leader wants to provide assistance in any way possible, they are creative and remain positive, whereas, nurse managers will stay completely focused on improving situations and are more controlling not providing any assistance. This writer believes that she is a better leader than manager. Participatory leadership is this writers way of dealing with situations at hand. Effective communication and taking into consideration the feelings of others along with providing a helping hand whenever in need is of upmost importance to this writer. A way that patient satisfaction scores could increase on the unit that this writer works on is if the managers took a different approach in how they speak to their staff creating a different vibe on the floor rather than biting your tongue every time you see their face. However, it is very possible that due to the clientele we provide care to, a lot of them suffer addiction problems and often times request more medications than what we are able to give. These unhappy patients are more than likely the ones who return the patient satisfaction surveys, therefore, resulting in poor satisfaction scores. Leadership and management play an important role in the nursing process, but their focus is different depending on the situation. Nurse managers and leaders strive for doing the right thing and doing things right. With the dramatic and rapid changes in healthcare today, possessing critical thinking, active listening, and coping skills are essential in the nursing workforce. Together, leaders and managers need to imagine the future and lead the way to a productive and well-organized unit with satisfied employees in order to maintain magnet status.

Buying A Gun Essays - Gun Politics In The United States, Firearms

Buying A Gun Our founding fathers created this great nation with the intent of having a free country where people could do as they please within the laws that had been set up. The same basis may apply today but the rules have changed. With increasing crime our country had to set up laws to regulate how citizens can go about buying, selling, and carrying guns. Making laws as simple as the Brady Bill can save many lives and shouldn't be an inconvenience to gun enthusiasts.The Brady Bill makes the purchaser of a gun wait before recieving the weapon.This time period gives people a chance to cool off if they are buying the gun to do something irrational. In the past few years our crime rate has began to come down a little with addition of gun laws that keep criminals from purchasing guns and set up stiffer penalties for people convicted of crimes with guns, especially violent crimes. I think that anyone interested in guns or how gun control would affect them should read my paper to understand why our government sets up laws to protect it's people from our worst enemy, ourselves. Government Essays

Three Most Popular Classic German Lullabies

Three Most Popular Classic German Lullabies These are three of the most popular classic German lullabies. (See more songs.)Guten Abend und gute Nacht!(Music by Johannes Brahms. Text from Des Knaben Wunderhorn)1. Guten Abend, gut NachtMit Rosen bedachtMit Nglein bestecktSchlà ¼pf unter die DeckMorgen frà ¼h, wenn Gott willWirst du wieder gewecktMorgen frà ¼h, wenn Gott willWirst du wieder gewecktGood evening, goodnight,Covered with rosesAdorned with thornsSlip under the coversTomorrow, if it is God’s will,Will you wake againTomorrow, if it is God’s will,Will you wake again2. Guten Abend, gut NachtVon Englein bewachtDie zeigen im TraumDir Christkindleins BaumSchlaf nun selig und sà ¼ÃƒÅ¸Schau im Traum s ParadiesSchlaf nun selig und sà ¼ÃƒÅ¸Schau im Traum s ParadiesGood evening, goodnight,Watched over by angelsIn a dream they show youThe Christ-childs treeSleep blessed and sweetlyLook for paradise in your dreamSleep blessed and sweetlyLook for paradise in your dreamGuten Abend - You TubeWeißt du, wieviel Ste rnlein stehen(Music and Text by Wilhelm Hey. 19th century)1. Weißt du, wieviel Sternlein stehenan dem blauen Himmelszelt?Weißt du, wieviel Wolken ziehenweithin à ¼ber alle Welt?Gott der Herr hat sie gezhlet,daß ihm auch nicht eines fehletan der ganzen großen Zahl,an der ganzen großen Zahl. Do you know how many little stars are in blue heaven’s tent?Do you know how many clouds trailAll over the world?The Lord God has counted them,So that none of them are missingAmong this great vast amountAmong this great vast amount2. Weißt du, wieviel Mà ¼cklein spielenin der heißen Sonnenglut,wieviel Fischlein auch sich kà ¼hlenin der hellen Wasserflut?Gott der Herr rief sie mit Namen,daß sie all ins Leben kamen,daß sie nun so frà ¶hlich sind,daß sie nun so frà ¶hlich sind. Do you know how many little fliesPlay in the sun’s intense heat,How many little fish like to coolIn the clear high tide?The Lord God called them by name,So that they all came to life,And now they are all so happy, And now t hey are all so happy.3. Weißt du, wieviel Kinder frà ¼hestehn aus ihrem Bettlein auf,daß sie ohne Sorg und Mà ¼hefrà ¶hlich sind im Tageslauf?Gott im Himmel hat an allenseine Lust, sein Wohlgefallen;kennt auch dich und hat dich lieb,kennt auch dich und hat dich lieb. Do you know how many childrenWake up early from their little beds,Who are without worry and sorrowAnd happy during the day?God in Heaven has everybody’sPleasure and welfare in mind;He knows you and loves you too,He knows you and loves you too.Weißt du, wieviel Sternlein stehen - You Tube Der Mond ist aufgegangenGerman Folksong 18th century(Music: various, first rendition by Johann Schulz. Text by Matthias Claudius)1. Der Mond ist aufgegangen,Die goldnen Sternlein prangenAm Himmel hell und klar;Der Wald steht schwarz und schweiget,Und aus den Wiesen steigetDer weiße Nebel wunderbar. The moon has risen,The little golden stars shineIn the heavens so clear and brightThe woods stand dark and stillAnd out of the meadows riseA wonderful fog.2. Wie ist die Welt so stille,Und in der Dmmrung Hà ¼lleSo traulich und so hold!Als eine stille Kammer,Wo ihr des Tages JammerVerschlafen und vergessen sollt.How the world stands stillIn twighlight’s veilSo sweet and snugAs a still r oomWhere the day’s miseryYou will sleep off and forget. 3. Seht ihr den Mond dort stehen?Er ist nur halb zu sehen,Und ist doch rund und schà ¶n!So sind wohl manche Sachen,Die wir getrost belachen,Weil unsere Augen sie nicht sehn.Do you see the moon standing there?You can only see half of it,And it is so round and beautiful!Such are several thingsThat we laugh at mockingly,Because our eyes do not see.4. Wir stolze MenschenkinderSind eitel arme Sà ¼nderUnd wissen gar nicht viel;Wir spinnen LuftgespinsteUnd suchen viele Kà ¼nsteUnd kommen weiter von dem Ziel. brUs proud children’s menAre poor and vain;And do not know much,We spin spirit’s of the airAnd look for many artsAnd come further from the goal.Der Mond ist aufgegangen - You Tube

Case study 2- A Taxing Issue Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2- A Taxing Issue - Case Study Example In fact, the government should promote incentives for those who increase their annual earning beyond a certain limit. I argue that for one to increase their annual earnings beyond a particular mark implies more job creations and more life to the economy. The government should also focus on cutting expenditure in sectors like defense to avail more funds for development. It is not fair to have different tax rates for different income groups. Discriminatory taxation based on one’s income group leads to reduced private investments. Most private investments consider profitability of their businesses. I therefore argue that increasing tax those with higher incomes will lessen the appetite for private investments. The government should only use a uniform taxation system. When running a small business, many financial factors shall influence in my hiring. The tax rate is arguably one of the main financial factors to consider when hiring (Kennedy 69). In addition, I shall consider funding and operational costs (Kennedy 207). In funding, equity versus debt considered where debt is loan and equity is the capital one

Economy in relation to environmental protection. Environment and Essay

Economy in relation to environmental protection. Environment and Sustainable Development - Essay Example The need to protect the environment has presented critical global challenges that require immediate responses. The linked environmental, economic, social and political issues all falling under the sustainable development framework require a delicate balancing act between competing interests whilst at the same time taking decisive strides towards protecting scarce resources that are becoming even scarcer by the day. This paper will talk about the main difference between the Stockholm Declaration and the Rio Summit -- mainly that the Rio Summit solidifies the linkage between development and the environment, acknowledging that the two concepts are inextricably intertwined. Environmental considerations have to be incorporated in the development process, and human development should be considered in environmental protection mechanisms. It is illuminating to compare Principle 1 of the Stockholm declaration with Principle 1 of the Rio Declaration. The former reads as follows: â€Å"Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well being, and he bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations.† In contrast, the Rio Declaration reads as follows: â€Å"Human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development†, and that, â€Å"They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature.†... A rights-based approach is important because it makes the State duty-bearers, or imposes and obligation on them to ensure that environmental rights of their citizens and other human beings are guaranteed and protected. There are critics, however, who feel that there was a dilution in focus on environmental protection from Stockholm to Rio, and even all the way to Johannesburg. To quote the Center for International Environmental Law, â€Å"Whereas Stockholm brought to light transboundary and global environmental issues, Rio and Johannesburg incorporated a development dimension that required analysis not only of environmental issues but also of economic and social issues. (2012, p.2)† As further observed by CIEL: While integration of these issues is key to effective environment and development outcomes, this change in focus has, to a large extent, over?burdened the agenda resulting from the last two summits, posing significant strains on the ability of international institutions and other governance arrangements to effectively address the broad array of issues involved in the umbrella concept of sustainable development.  Ã‚  At the same time, the international agenda that emerged in relation to sustainable development appears to have prioritized the economic aspects over the social and environmental dimensions.  Ã‚  In this regard, there is a real risk that Rio+20's green economy theme could eclipse thE other dimensions of sustainable development, as well as the need for reforms in institutional governance.   (2012, p. 2) However, this paper argues that talking about the economy in relation to environmental protection is important. The first is because scarcity is a vital concept of sustainable

New York Demographics and the Economy Term Paper

New York Demographics and the Economy - Term Paper Example In coming years, the population is set to increase at a rate of 1-1.5% that can be a source of worry for the government. It was further found that 51.5% of the total population of the state are female and the remaining 48.5% are male. 53% of the total population identify themselves as Caucasian, 18% as Hispanic, 8% as Asians, and remaining as native individuals. The health status of New York State operates a state-based marketplace that is known as the NY State of Health. It is designed to help and support people to shop and enroll for health insurance coverage along with comparing insurance coverage and costs. The marketplace also helps people to check their eligibility for healthcare programs such as Medicaid. The marketplace helps people to know about the financial assistance that plays an important role in availing relevant medical and healthcare services. 2The state seems to be expanding its medical and healthcare coverage for low-income adults in order to enhance their wellbeing. Fiscal capacity of a state can be defined as the ability of a governmental jurisdiction to transform economic activities within its geographical boundaries into the public spending. The idea is to raise revenue along with keeping a transparent approach in terms of presenting data and information to the public. 3 Thus, the economic capacity of states is based on taking into the account the income produced, income received from the residents, and total property wealth along with relevant expenses on the public needs and demands. Based on the State Health Facts, it was found that the state fiscal capacity for the year 2013 fell short by $2,000 million and that was around the total shortfall of 3.4%. This was mainly because of the expenses that affected the total earnings and thus the shortfall.  

Review Of Related Literature Education Essay

Review Of Related Literature Education Essay The Problems of Indiscipline in Rivers State Secondary Schools: A Survey of Schools in Abua/Odual Local Government Area. Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate The Problems of Indiscipline in Secondary Schools in Abua/Odual Local Government Area. One hundred teachers constituted the study sample. Questionnaire was administered to teachers to obtain data for five research questions. The statistical tool used to analyse the raw data was percentage method. The results showed that lack of corporal punishment, irregular payment of teachers salaries, poor administration constitutes the major problems to indiscipline in schools. In this regard, it was suggested that corporal punishment should be introduced in schools; also, more and adequate incentives should be provided to the teachers. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Education in any perspective finds its usefulness in the areas of moral, intellectual, social and spiritual development of the child. This development to a great extent is a function of the quality of the educational system, which is partly measured on the basis of students discipline. Discipline constitutes one of the fundamental, critical and challenging functions of the teacher. Mostly, when viewed from the fact that students whom they manage their affairs are drawn from different home background, accommodates the influence of peer groups and thus, were bound to exhibit different patterns of behaviour that may not conform with the instructional standard of the school. Discipline is an aspect of school function which if not well maintained can render the school system ineffective. School discipline as a matter of fact is seen as a vital element in the process by which students are enabled to function in the society. The general idea underlying this fact is that if the school is situated in the society and it is hoped that the products of these schools will be absorbed into the society, the students must therefore be made to develop rule-following and law, adding habits so that they conform to the general social expectations of the main culture absorbing its basic attitudes and beliefs, Sieber and wilder (1997:70) point out that a society without rules is inconceivable, and rules without attitude of disapproval towards them are inconceivable. In the English Elementary School, obedience was enforced mildly without any military goal in mind and in that discipline was seen essentially as a process of obedient training for society at large. On the other hand, thinking of discipline in terms of training for society, Docking (1990:4) says it may encourage a schooling for subordination where teachers use their disciplinary authority to satisfy some unfulfilled need within themselves so that they are to view children as a means rather than as ends. The promotion or maintenance of effective discipline is essential if organised group action is to be effective or productive whether the group is a club, society, a union, a company, a business or industrial concern or a nation. The word discipline connotes that the members or a group should reasonably conform to the rules and regulations, which is the code of behaviour which have been formed for it or by it, so that every one may benefit by them. Peoples morale or industrial peace are definitely proper by maintenance of discipline if the members of a group do not abide by the rules of the organisation, it may collapse. Chaos, confusion, disobedience, disloyalty and antisocial or anti-organisational activities develop to the detriment of every one. In the word of Spriegel (1997:34) discipline is the force that prompts an individual or a group to observe the rules, regulations which are seemed to be necessary to the attainment of an objective. It is a factor, which restrains an indivi dual from doing certain things, which are deemed to be disruptive for the group objectives. It is also the exercise of restraint or the enforcement of penalties for the violation of group regulations. Thus, discipline can be said as an attitude of the mind, a product of culture and a particular environment which promotes an individual to willingly co-operate in the observance of the rules of the organizational to which he belongs. School discipline is often seen as an important ingredient in the process by which children are enabled to function in the society because living in the society entails living in association with certain agreed rules, which govern ones behaviour. Thus, keeping order in the school is a multi-faced problem associated with range of interacting factors, such as the child himself, home and neighbourhood influence, changing societal values and expectations, the school and its natural environment, and the individual teacher. The problem of indiscipline is more apparent among secondary school students all over the world. Indiscipline among them has attracted serious attention of scholars and administrators. These scholars and administrators attributes to their state of development. They opine that when students notice certain biological changes signalling maturity in the course of the growth and development, they tend to misbehave by faulting school rules and regulations Mukhargee (1995:17). Indiscipline is a mode of life not in conformity with rules and non-subjected to control. By extension, the term connotes the violation of school rules and regulations capable of obstructing the smooth and orderly, functioning of the school system Adeyemo (1995:22). School rules and regulations in most cases affect students more than any other thing because they are made by the school authorities in order to guide and protect the students while in school. Statement of the Problem In the teaching and learning process certain identifiable problems of indiscipline militate against its success and achievements. That means for effective teaching and learning to take place there must be discipline in order to make reasonable achievements. In spite of the effort so far made by the government for the past eight years to curb indiscipline in our secondary schools, delinquency, truancy, disobedience, absenteeism, etc. are some of the problems of teaching and learning in our secondary schools in Abua/Odual Local Government Area. This study is therefore interested in addressing the problems of indiscipline so that teaching and learning will improve in our schools. Purpose of the Study The general purpose of this study includes the following: (a) Determine the factors underlying the problem of maintaining effective discipline in secondary schools. (b) Ascertain the effects of such factors on academic performance. (c) Make recommendation on the areas that would solve these problems. Research Questions The study shall be guided by the following research questions: What factors are responsible for school indiscipline? What are the effects of such factors on students academic performance? What are the strategies adopted by teachers to prevent classroom indiscipline? Does the rate of indiscipline among secondary school students increase or decrease for the past three years? Are girls more receptive to instruction than boys in secondary schools? Significance of the Study The importance of this study includes the following: (1) To provide information for government and school administrators about the solution to the problems of school indiscipline. (2) To provide relevant data about the causes of indiscipline from teachers perspective. (3) To make recommendations and suggestions that possibly could help solve the problem of indiscipline. Scope of the Study The study focus on school indiscipline from twenty-two (22) selected secondary schools in Abua/Odual Local Government Area of Rivers State. Definition of Terms For the purpose of this study, the following terminologies shall be defined thus: Student: A person who is studying in a school, especially a secondary school. Secondary School: This is a school for young people between the age of 11 and 16. Regulation: This is an official rule made by authority. Discipline: This is the practice of training people to obey rules and regulations. Indiscipline: This is lack of discipline, control in the behaviour of a group of people. CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The chapter can be reviewed under the following headings. 2.1. Students discipline in Nigeria schools 2.2 Imperative of indiscipline in secondary schools 2.3. Causes of indiscipline 2.4 School indiscipline and academic achievement 2.5 School rules and regulations on student discipline 2.6 The concept of in loco-parentis and its relationship to students discipline 2.7 Student discipline and classroom management 2.8 Strategies of curbing indiscipline 2.9 Summary of the literature reviewed 2.1 Students Discipline in Nigeria Schools According to Matsoga (2003:54) violence and misbehaviour exist in Nigeria schools. This lack of discipline which interferes with the teaching and learning process, manifests itself in various ways including bullying, vandalism, alcohol and substance abuse, truancy, inability or unwillingness to do homework etc. Moswele (2004:146) and Matsoga (2003:53). Vandalizing school property is at rampart and this has influenced the government to introduce school fees in order to mend, that which was broken such as window, panes, furniture and walls. Theft is also common. For instance, in 2003 students in one senior secondary school broke into a biology laboratory to steal ethanol Banda (2004:16) some of these students lost their lives and others lost their sight. In another senior secondary school, 19-year-old boy committed suicide after fighting with another student over a borrowed plate Maleka (2003:162). These horrible acts left the nation speechless, not knowing where such behaviour originates. These incidents sprang the debate on the use of corporal punishment in schools which concluded that Nigeria cannot do away with it, but it has to be used guardedly Maleka (2003:162) and Keorang (2004:51). Experience had it that, teachers may ask for transfers; while parents withdraw their children from schools with numerous cases of student misconduct such as the one mentioned above. 2.2 Imperative of indiscipline in secondary schools Discipline in these schools is now passing through an eclipse. The problem of indiscipline is found everywhere, therefore, students do no longer believe in hard work as the only honourable path to success. Slangs connoting examination malpractice like choke exhibit, dagbo, omokirikiri and the like are common during examination time and they are expressed in such free but shameful that one somehow think that it does not mean anything. Children of the high and low, big and small, powerful and the downtrodden are involved in varying degrees. At this juncture, it would be worthwhile to highlight some of the prevalent cases and acts of indiscipline amongst secondary school students. 1. Cultism Cultism has suddenly become the giant monster that has swallowed up our ethics and morals; any student who fails to belong is quickly packed off the stage by either being intimidated out of school or killed. Many have been forced to join counter cultist group, which often produced fatal consequences. Section 329 (1) of the 1999 constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria defines cultism (secret cult) as an association that uses secret signs, oaths, rites or symbols and which is formed to promote a cause, the purpose or part of the purpose which is to foster the interest of its members and to aid one another under any circumstance without the regard to merit, fair or justice to the demerit of those who are not members. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦who members are sworn to observe oaths of secrecyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 2. Indecent Dressing Near naked and other forms of nudity is the order of the day in our schools. Kpakol (2004:62) argues that peer pressure, self-indulgence, and dress to kill-the deliberate habit of putting on seductive clothes to attract those of the opposite gender sexually or throw off balance emotionally. In this connection Bellow, (1993:3) states that school discipline is the training which produces in children self-restraint, orderliness, good conduct, operation and the habit of getting the best out of themselves. It involves intellectual and moral education as opposed to mere order and instruction. 3. Curriculum content Any society whose educational system is careless about the need of the society is doomed. It thus, not enough to have a curriculum. It is most important that the curriculum relates and adequately takes care of the entire societal aspiration. Our curriculum today is greatly deficient in moral education as contained in the curriculum is shabby and neglected. In some schools, it is not even taught. The subjects of History, Civic and Nature study and so on that immediately inculcates the ideal nation building to the youth are abolished social studies and integrated science that is fashioned in their stead has proved to be incapable in content and practice. 4. Parental Training Charity it is said begins from home. A parent who is not firm with his children and lets them go the bad is not kind to them. Parents do not often consider the future welfare and success of their children as of great importance. Firmness is not shown by constant scolding, beating and fussing, this is to many educators indicates weakness. In addition, some parents are always quarrelling and fighting. This definitely makes the students not to have affection and develop negative attitude to life. In school, that student may be and always picking quarrel with his peer because this is what he grew up with. 2.3 Causes of Indiscipline Indiscipline as we have noted elsewhere is not a new phenomenon. It has engaged the attention of many writers and authors at different levels. Causes of indiscipline in secondary schools are numerous. They include school society, wrong ideals, idleness, lack of good leadership, injustice, lack of realistic rules, bad home training and upbringing, etc. Okoroma (2000:1109) and Nwankwo (1991:67) note that the causes and symptoms of indiscipline are many and vary from school to school and from place to place. In their view, some symptoms of indiscipline include general unrest and deliberate breaches of school rules, peaceful and violent demonstration, mass disobedience, truancy, delinquency, absenteeism, drug use and abuse, as well as drunkenness. Shakaran (1997:47) and Nwankwo (1991:67) have identified the causes of indiscipline in secondary schools in Nigeria to include authoritarian methods, bad staff behaviour, harsh school rules, poor communication, results, lack of adequate school facilities, influence of home and society. In this paper, we however, proffer a multi-dimensional approach to this burning issue of indiscipline in our secondary schools; hence our consideration of the causes of indiscipline will be multi-dimensional. 1. Social Influence There has become a sudden shift from merit to lack lustre. Achievements are no longer measured by commitment and capability but influence and material wealth who you know than what you are measured up in terms of merit, is what determines promotion. Thus, a student need not burn the night candle. 2. Corruption This is the oldest son of indiscipline. This son has grown up that it often stands shoulder to shoulder with its father indiscipline. What permeates all the stretch of our society today is how to make it quickly. Public finance meant for welfare programmes that would have stemmed the aid of mal-behaviour in our youths and adolescents gets diverted to redundant programmes or private pockets. To such extent, there is no motivation in those who should be seen to be disciplined. With empty stomach, ragged dressing, hopeless accommodation, intolerable health, there is no way a person can resist temptation. 3. Rural-urban Drift Closely related to the issue of government policy and corruption is the issue of rural-urban drift. A writer once said that everyone is a village by root. The rate, at which our youths and adolescents migrate from the serene, quiet and less atrocious life in the village to the noisy, burdensome, busy and unnecessarily over populated cities, is alarming. One identified reason for this as outright lack of basic facilities and infrastructure in our villages. Where there is any, it is often in a state of despair so grossly inadequate that no youth would see his mate coming home from the city without being tempted to taste the city. This sudden transformation from the village to city life is bound to produce unpalatable consequences. This explains why secondary school students are engaged in crimes nowadays either to be able to sustain the tempo of life in the city or in preparation to get to the city. 2.4 School Indiscipline and Academic Achievement In classroom teaching, discipline implies the control of a class to achieve desirable behaviour. The concept of school discipline and school rewards has the similar objectives of assisting students to make maximum achievement in their academic pursuits. According to Nwankwo (1991:67) discipline behaviour involves characteristics such as self-sacrifice, diligence, co-operation, integrity, consideration and sympathy for others as well as the fear of God. He goes on to say that discipline is a system of guiding the individual to make reasonable and responsible decisions. In classroom teaching, discipline means the control of a class to achieve desirable behaviour. Discipline involves self-control; a disciplined person knows and takes the right course of action. He is guided not simply by self-interest, but also by consideration of interest of others. A disciplined individual is also guided in his behaviour by moral and social principles. Factors of indiscipline that lead to low academic achievement are common with student from socio-economic status families Alumode (2002:84). This is because teachers are often prejudiced against youth from low socio-economic status families and show preferential treatment to students from high socio-economic status families Manster (2001:297). Another reason is that peer influences on low socio-economic students are often antisocial and delinquency prone, emphasizing early marriage for the girls and gang activities for the boys Conger (1993:13). Blodsoe (2005:28) believes that the quality of interaction among members of the adolescents family influence the degree of discipline and success in school work. According to him, the studies of the family relationship of bright, high-achieving students versus under-achieving high school students shows that the high achievers more often than under-achievers describe their parents as typically sharing vacation and ideas as understanding, appro ving, trusting, affection etc. encouraging (but not pressuring) with respect to achievement and over restrictive or severe in discipline. 2.5 School Rules and Regulation on Discipline The Education Act of 1999 has documented some rules and regulations that govern student discipline in Nigeria schools. It stipulates methods and procedure for minor and severe disciplinary measures such as corporal punishment, suspension and student expulsion. Rules and regulations are drawn for the orderly conduct of the school affairs. Some of them are written and others are implied and they recognised by law. Addressing the issue of rules and regulations Nwangwu (2009:142) state that: The Schools Board and individual school authorities have the right to make any reasonable rules and regulations for the orderly conduct of school affairs in the interest of the entire school and school system. The fundamental point raised above is that those provisions are made by relevant authorized bodies to direct and spell out the relationship between teachers, student and school authorities. The responsibility is therefore on every member of the school system to respect and obey the rules, as any breach must be followed by the application of appropriate disciplinary measures. The courts of law shall always put into consideration the reasonableness and constitutional right of the school rules and regulations. Rules that encroached on a constitutional right of students will invariably be invalidated by courts. 2.6 The Concept of in Loco-Parentis and its Relationship to Students Discipline In educational circle, the special relationship which exists between students and the schoolteacher regarding discipline is termed in loco-parentis. It is assumed that the teacher in performing certain roles especially as it relate to control of parental jurisdiction. According to Remmlein and Wane in Igwe (1998:82) in loco-parentis means in place of the parent, charged with some of the parents right, duties and responsibilities. The implication is that schoolteachers or authorities stand in place of parents in respect to students education and discipline. By this it is expected that teacher have the invariably contracted with parents to perform some of the duties and functions of the latter. The teacher is therefore expected to act reasonably in this capacity. In present, the teachers acting in loco-parent is to discipline an erring student, and should ensure that the punishment was done reasonably and in good faith in order to avoid costly and embarrassing court cases. The teacher should act within the limit of this principle, because according to Eferakaya (1998:17), school officials who perpetuate acts of indiscipline can no longer be protected by the in loco parentis doctrines the courts are quite convinced that the school is incapable of assuming full parental responsibilities. 2.7 Students Indiscipline and Classroom Management The International Dictionary of Education formally defines discipline as a term to describe teacher classroom control or general restraint of pupils behaviour Lingworth (2004:18) argues that coercion can never be a method of educating in the sense that where teachers tend to interpret control of threats thereby forcing students to learn what he has taught them is far behind the truth. Another interesting aspect of discipline and administrative control is the use of scientific procedures known as behaviour modification based on the learning theory developed by Skinner who advocates some technique and positive reinforcement such as using rewards to bring about and maintain desired behaviour combined with extinction behaviour i.e. weakening undesired behaviour by ignoring it or by otherwise removing its reward consequences. However, the work of Lauwerys (1999:42) is discovered to be in contrast with the scientific procedures of behaviour modification and psychodrama work of Piaget. His work on classroom management focuses attention on the teachers public demonstration that he knows what is going on, his ability to facilitate smooth transaction from one activity to another and handle movement and type of demand he makes from pupil. There is bound to be conflict when administration in school is taken to be rigid and regimentation, where students have to fear administrations rather than respect them. Fagbula (2002:80) in his work concludes that teachers rather than settle their minor matters take them to the school administrators create a problem to administrative control of schools. Bad administrative control can hinder effective discipline tone in the school. These can take the form of giving bad and inadequate food to students, ineffective teaching, bad staff behaviour, authoritarian methods of administ ration, high school rules, arrogant attitude of the school prefects, unsatisfactory curricula, poor examination results, poor communication between administrators and school pupils. 2.8 Strategies for Curbing Indiscipline It is imperative to ensure that the best behaviours and conditions are inculcates, established and maintained for effective learning to take place in our secondary schools. This can be realised if we accept that the teacher has the power to impose discipline by using some sort of power over this students. However, this is only possible to a little extent, for it to have meaningful impact it must also take into account the psychological needs and development level of the student. A well-managed school begins with thorough advance planning by the school head and the teachers. Accordingly, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation should be used, positive and negative motivation, provision and satisfaction of students need the teacher having adequate knowledge of the subject, teaching students how to learn and making them to use their time effectively. The school environment should be busy, and an active place in which the students and teachers know that they are on the same side working together to achieve something worthwhile. Such an environment is likely to establish mutual respect, and a mild reproof or expression of disappointment on the part of the teacher will enhance discipline. Cleanliness and tidiness of surrounding, not being excessively noisy or disruptive when others are working, taking care of communal property, and punctuality exhibition of normal courtesies expected by the society to be observed. The rules can be established by quite persistence and good example by the teacher. In essence, good discipline enables the sort of psychological need proposed by Maslow and others to be satisfied. This is because most disciplinary cases are as a result of unfulfilled basic needs. The teacher should look carefully at each level including the most basic psychological one of nutrition and ventilation. 2.9 Summary of the Reviewed Literature The chapter examined the concept of indiscipline as it derived from the word discipline. Discipline here means a mode of life in accordance with rules, subjected to control. Therefore, indiscipline means lack of control in the behaviour of a group of people. Relating the above to the school environment, indiscipline could be referred to as inability of a person to live in accordance with school rules and regulation; it is the breaking of rules and regulations of institution. Imperative and causes of indiscipline were discussed from the multi-dimensional perspective, which include cultism, indecent dressing, curriculum content, parental training, societal influence, corruption and rural-urban drift. Again, school indiscipline and academic achievement, which implies the control of a class to achieve desired behaviour was discussed. The chapter also examined school rules and regulations on discipline, which are drawn up to regulate school activities for the orderly conduct of the school affairs. The concept of in loco-parentis and its relationship to student discipline, which is the special relationship that exist between students and the school teacher regarding discipline, because the teacher is expected to stand in place of the parent in respect to students education and discipline. Finally, strategies of curbing indiscipline which include pedagogical, social and psychological techniques of curbing indiscipline in secondary school were proffered. CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the research methodology to be adopted for the study. It is organised under the following heading: Research Design, Population of the Study, Sample and Sampling Technique, Instrumentation, Validity of the Instrument, Administration of the Instrument, and Data Analysis Technique. 3.1 Research Design The research design adopted for this study is the descriptive survey research design, which is concerned with condition or relationships that exist and practices that prevail. Specifically, it is concerned with identified the problems of indiscipline in secondary schools in Abua/Odual Local Government Area. 3.2 Population of the Study The population of this study is 440 persons, who are teachers in the twenty-two (22) secondary schools in Abua/Odual Local Government Area. 3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques A stratified random sampling technique was used for the study. Out of twenty-two (22) secondary schools in Abua/Odual Local Government Area, ten (10) were sampled out through the ballot system; this represents 46% of secondary schools in Abua/Odual Local Government. In each school, ten (10) teachers were randomly selected to give 100 teachers, which represent 52% of the total number of teachers in Abua/Odual Local Government Area. Thus, the sample for this study is made up of 100 respondents. 3.4 Development of Research Instrument The instrument for this study is questionnaire titled Questionnaire for Teachers on indiscipline problems (QTIP). It was developed for this study and addressed to various respondents with structured questions developed based on the objectives of the study and the literature reviewed. The instrument is divided into two (2) sections (A and B). Section A deals with the personal data of the respondents; section B sought responses to items on factors, which militate against the effective maintenance of discipline in secondary schools. The questionnaire adopted the 4-point Likert summated rating scale with values: Strongly Agree (SA) = 4; Agree (A) = 3; Disagree (D) = 2; and Strongly Disagree (SD) = 1. 3.5 Validity of the Instrument The instrument was given to the supervisor and senior lecturers in the department who are experts in educational management to examine and make corrections. They scrutinize item by item and decide its validity to elicit the necessary information needed to provide adequate answers to the research questions. The final draft of instrument was designed to reflect corrections of the experts in the department. Also the researcher ensured that the five interested research problem areas, which militate against the effective maintenance of discipline in secondary schools to ensure that it is adequate enough to measure, what is supposed to measure and ensuring that the desirable result is achieved. 3.6 Administration of the Instrument The instrument for this study was administered personally by the researcher. The completed copies were retrieved on the spot while the others were retrieved later. 3.7 Data Analysis Technique The responses was based on the 4-point Likert summated rating scale will be analysed and presented in table by means of percentages. A decision on the research questions was made to arrive at by dividing frequency of occurrence by the total number of respondents and multiplied the product by 100, that is: Frequency of occurrence x 100 Number of respondents 1 CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA In this chapter the data collected is presented and analysed as follows: Research question one: What factors are responsible for school indiscipline? Note: the following was used to analyze the work. Strongly Agree (SA) = 4 Agree (A) = 3 Disagree (D) = 2

Trapped by Two Cultures in Beets, Made You Mine, America, and Sangre 24 :: Cultural Identity Essays

Something that has always fascinated me is the confrontation with a completely different culture. We do not have to travel far to realize that people really lead different lives in other countries and that the saying "Home sweet home" often applies to most of us. What if we suddenly had to leave our homes and settle somewhere else, somewhere where other values and beliefs where common and where people spoke a different language? Would we still try to hang on to the 'old home' by speaking our mother tongue, practising our own religion and culture or would we give in to the new and exciting country and forget our past? And what would it be like for our children, and their children? In Identity Lessons - Contemporary Writing About Learning to Be American I found many different stories telling us what it is like to be "trapped" between two cultures. In this short essay I aim to show that belonging to two cultures can be very confusing. In 'Beets' by Tiffany Midge we meet a family of four, where the mother is an Indian and the father is white. The eldest daughter learns about the Plains Indians and their culture in school, but the "truth" she is told there is different from the one her father wants to prove. Such mixed messages are also what the speaker of Abraham Rodriguez Jr's 'The Boy Without a Flag' receives. He refuses to salute the American flag, because his father keeps on talking about all the bad things America has done to their home Puerto Rico, and thus believes that he has done what is expected of him, but the father gets angry with him for jeopardizing his education and future. The boy feels as if the father has collaborated with the enemy and does not understand how this could have happened. It took him until he had grown up to understand that the father only wanted what was best for him. Â   In 'Made You Mine, America' Ali Zarrin describes his coming to the USA as a teenager to study and find himself a better future. It was a struggle for him to cope with the differences from his native country in the Middle East: America was to be the country of dreams and possibilities, but he had to realize it had the poor and homeless people as well.

Marketing plan for Commonwealth Bank Essay

Commonwealth Bank is the largest of Australia’s big four financial service providers. At present, the Bank offers a range of award credit cards to, both, retail and corporate sectors. Profitable growth in retail and corporate card segments is a key part of the bank’s strategic direction. The main differential between cards is centred around fee structures, with little difference between them that is obvious to most consumers. The award scheme points can be redeemed for air miles, gifts and vouchers. Under this initiative, the Bank plans to set itself apart from the rest by launching a new credit card, which will allow clients to assign their award points toward a not for profit organisation. This initiative also creates a whole new paradigm within which cards are compared by prospective consumers, and puts the Bank at the very fore front of the credit card market. This card is unique, and is not currently available from other financial service providers in Australia. Research indicates there is a high demand for a socially responsible and ethical approach to banking. As such, the new card appeals to the growing philanthropic market in the retail sector. For the corporate sector, it reflects positively on their contribution in the community. CBA will utilise its current market penetration, strong brand image, management experience and distribution channels to ensure the card compliments their existing product suite. Profitable growth, retention of clients and an increased share penetration index have been forecasted as a direct result of bringing the new card to market. CBA has strong brand recognition. It is voted number 59 in the 2010 Forbes â€Å"world leading companies† Top 500 Brands survey (Forbes Magazine, 2010). The bank views its brand as its most valuable asset. Despite CBA having a strong brand image, banks in Australia remain unpopular. Consumers perceive the big four of price gouging; particularly so, as the banks delay or fail to pass cuts in the interest rate. Credit card retention and acquisition, in both corporate and retail sectors, is a key part of the bank’s profitable growth strategy. CBA plans to expand the credit card awards portfolio with a new product. The new card enables retail and corporate clients to automatically transfer award points to cash donations for non -government organizations (NGOs) and charities. This card is to be branded CBA’s â€Å"Community Card†. This positions CBA as a market leader and the first financial institution to introduce such a product into the credit card segment. CBA stands to gain significant competitive advantage. The new credit card stands to assist CBA’s corporate clients with their social responsibility obligations. A Harvard Business Review 2006 article notes â€Å"government, activists and the media have become adept at holding companies to account for their activities. Myriad organizations rank companies on their corporate social responsibility (CSR) and, despite sometimes questionable methodologies, these rankings attract considerable publicity. As a result, CSR had emerged as an inescapable priority for business leaders in every country† (Kramer, 2006) For the personal card holder, it is a vehicle to give back to the community. A survey conducted by Givewell noted that philanthropy is on the rise and estimated that, in 2009 Australians contributed over $1.8 billion total donations (Givewell, 2010). The Australian Taxation office notes that philanthropy is at its highest ever recorded. In the 2010 tax year, there were 4,649,646 recoded deductions for gifts and donations in individual tax returns. In 2009 there were 4,400,786 recorded dedications, a growth of 2.064 per cent in a 12 month period (Australian Taxation Office, 2012) 1.2 Background data on credit card market In the wake of the global financial crisis, many overseas banks have increased their credit scorecards and are reluctant to take on additional unsecured debt. The Australian credit card market is in good shape when compared with these overseas markets. This is due to prudent lending practices and the government’s credit card regulation reforms. Craig James, Chief Economist for CommSec, notes that we have a responsible population when it comes to credit card debt behaviour. â€Å"Aussie consumers pat yourselves on the back – you’ve mastered the plastic fantastic. People are using their credit and debit cards as much as they ever did, but smartly. Aussies are using their credit cards, but paying off the debt by the due date† (James, 2012) 1.3 Competition Strength in market makes the credit card sector a popular strategic choice for growth in the finance sector. Banks are able to charge annual fees and interest rates that generate a high level of profit. CBA’s main cards competitors are ANZ, Westpac and National Australia bank in the retail market and Amex, ANZ and Westpac in the corporate card sector. (Reserve Bank Australia, 2012) Strong competition for business has led to a spike in enhanced loyalty programmes and rewards for new and existing customers. Presently, there are no corporate or personal awards credit cards in the market that allow customers to cash their points as donations, with two main types of award programmes available. The first is the ability to accrue and redeem frequent flyer points for travel. The other allows clients to earn points to redeem gifts such as home appliances, supermarket and, department store gift cards and petrol vouchers. Predominantly, corporate clients opt out of enrolment in awards schemes, due to fringe benefit tax implications for employees. The issue of who owns the points, employer or employee, is one that is yet to be solved. Both external and internal market research has seen a decline in retail clients selecting cards with awards. The majority of customer feedback collected at point of credit card application has confirmed that there is a lack of perceived value in these programmes. 1.4 Distribution CBA personal credit cards are currently sold through the branch network, online and over the phone. A customer is able to apply for, or upgrade a card, 24 hours a day. CBA utilises the same distribution channels for its corporate clients, with the addition of a dedicated relationship manager. 2.0 SWOT analysis The following SWOT analysis helps to understand key strengths and weaknesses of the new credit card. It also describes opportunities and threats of the product, in both, the retail and corporate segments. Strengths Weaknesses * Reputation * Industry experience * Existing market share * First mover advantages * Distribution channels| * Costs of bringing new product to market * First mover risks and disadvantages * Little known about not for profit / community groups (not core business)| * Increased market share * Product embraced by customers / Improved customer satisfaction * Improved brand equity and brand loyalty * Increased profits and shareholder value * Enter new market segments * Convert switchers to CBA| * Changing customer tastes and demographics * Government policies * Product easily replicated by competitors * Threat of substitutes through non-bank lenders (store cards)| Opportunities Threats From the SWOT analysis, the most important issues to consider are: how CBA will adapt the product and remain competitive against substitutes, and other banks copying the product. CBA must monitor the market closely to avoid a price war between competitors. The key opportunities will be capturing new clients in a new market and the competitive learning gleaned from being the first to launch the product. 3.0 Financial objectives Using the 2012 Annual Report as a baseline, CBA has set targets for sales volume, market share and profit for the 2012/2013 financial year. (Commonwealth Bank Australia, 2012) There is strategic congruence of sales targets, marketing strategy and the overarching organizational strategic direction of profitable growth. 3.1 Sales volume * Achieve a minimum 4% growth in new card sales, initiated by branch staff in the retail market before 2012 / 2013 end of financial year. * Achieve a minimum of 3% growth in new card sales from remaining retail distribution channels (phone and online) before 2012 / 2013 end of financial year. * Increase corporate card sales by 5% in 2012 / 2013 financial year. * Migrate 20% of existing non awards corporate customers to the new product by December 2014. * Increase transaction volume of credit card book by 15% this financial year. 3.2 Market Share * Increase retail market share from 32% to 37% in the 2012 / 2013 financial year. * Increase corporate market share from 12% to 17% in the 2012 / 2013 financial year. * Decrease customer attrition rate by 15% across both sectors by the end of the 2012/2013 financial year. 3.3 Profit * Additional $364 million in lending fees collected in late payment and annual fees across from the retail sector. * Additional $453 million in lending fees collected from corporate clients in late payment fees, annual fees and customer maintenance fees. * Increase credit card interest earnings assets from 12.71% yield to 20.00% yield, both sectors combined. 3.4 Break Even Analysis The break even analysis indicates that 500 new cards must be sold across each segment every month to break even. As staffs become more experienced in selling the product and the consumer more familiar, the costs should decrease in line with the experience (Kotler, 2008) curve. Less money will be spent on training employees and advertising. Fewer products will need to be sold in order to break even. 4.0 Marketing segmentation and positioning Both the corporate and retail markets have been divided into segments. Niche marketing was considered due to the specificity of the Community Card however, CBA is prepared to take an educated risk by marketing to a wider group as, internal research indicates, it has a large credit card customer base with homogeneous preferences. â€Å"Aggregate enough minority tastes and you will often find a new market† (Anderson, 2006) 4.1 Corporate market segments * Heavy users and non- users of CBA’s current corporate card offering. * Organizations with a minimum of 50 employees and an annual turnover of a $500k minimum. * Primarily but not limited to white collar industries such as: advertising, human resource management, department stores, large scale hospitality clients (hotels) and travel agents * Organizations with highly centralised purchase decisions. * Companies seeking an edge on their competitors through improvement and / or diversification into social responsibility. * Not for profit organizations 4.2 Retail market segments * 35 – 49 and 50 – 64 year olds with a 54% clustering around the 50 – 64 age bracket. * Annual income in excess of $75k per annum. * Professionals, managers, executives and business people who are accomplished in their fields * People with a tertiary qualification. * Upper middle and upper class. * Native Australians (individually focused as opposed to collectively focused). * Culture orientated and socially aware. 4.3 Target markets People and businesses who want the freedom and flexibility a credit card provides, and have an emotional connection to making the world a better place, or a desire to improve their sustainability image. Corporate: * Corporate social responsibility * Flexible payment options * Ethical * Sustainable image * Community Retail: * Freedom * Flexibility * Social responsibility * Sustainability / give back * Ethical 4.4 Positioning CBA will position itself as Australia’s socially responsible financial services provider with a passion for community. A bank that understands the bigger picture. By being first to market with the new product, CBA signals that it is different from the other banks. It is a bank that is dedicated to offering both retail and business customers an alternative, an avenue to give back to their elected cause, NGO or community group. This position will be enhanced through training its 38,000 employees to act as ambassadors on the features and benefits of the Community Card. 5.0 Marketing strategy and the marketing mix 5.1 Marketing Strategy The first step in the marketing strategy is to make new and existing customers aware of the new product and how it will benefit the community. CBA’s message is that it is the ethical financial services provider, selling Australian’s the chance to give back to the community. The Bank plans to lead by example, offering the new product to its employees at a discounted rate. This will also allow for market testing and feedback. The Bank will communicate this message to its retail clients through local area marketing, television, radio and advertisements in selected newspapers that appeal to the target customer. The message for the corporate client is the same however; relationship managers will target potential clients through business development activities. 5.2 Product The product is to be sub-branded and operate on the MasterCard network. MasterCard is selected as it is accepted in 30 million locations worldwide, appealing to the target market’s desire for flexibility. With the acceptation of the awards programme, the new card has similar features and benefits to the existing suite of awards cards. According to the Innovation Bell Curve (Rogers, 1962), the familiarity of known features and benefits will assist in early adoption. The product will be popular with innovators. It is the first of its kind. 5.3 Pricing The pricing objective for the retail segment is maximum profits. The corporate pricing objective is maximum market share, as previously mentioned CBA only holds 12 percent of the market. Mark up pricing will be used in both the retail and corporate markets. The new product is exclusive as it is the first of its kind, distinctive and there are no readily available substitutes. These factors make both markets less price sensitive. The Bank has selected a high value strategy for the retail market. The annual fee for the card will be $65.00. This fee represents the midpoint in the total cards market. The debit interest rate on the card will be set at 21.59 percent per annum, slightly higher than the total cards market average. Retail customers will view this price as good for them and good for the community. CBA will also use a high value strategy for its corporate clients. The fee structure will differ slightly from retail as it includes a $130.00 annual fee and a $15.00 additional card fee per employee. The debit rate of interest remains the same as the retail card. This will prevent corporate clients from using their personal credit cards to save money on purchases. 5.4 Place CBA’s current distribution channels have significant competitive advantage in the banking marketplace. The bank has more branches; ATM’s and calls centers than any other bank. The website www.commbank.com was recently voted the most visited website in Australia in a report published by Neilson Consulting (AC Neilson, 2012). Given the age demographics of the target market, CBA will leverage off its staff in branches and relationship managers by using a direct to customer distribution model. This provides the opportunity for potential and existing customers to ask questions and clarify any areas of interest. CBA feels this is important to the target market. The Bank’s website is to be updated with a quick fact sheet on the new card, an award points calculator, information detailing the work of the eligible NGO’s and charities, and frequently asked questions. Call center staff are to receive specific training. Upon approval, clients are expected to receive their card within five working days. 5.5 Promotion CBA will reach both target audiences through online advertising on the CommBank website, radio advertisements, and television and newspaper advertisements. Some mass marketing will be used to target corporate customers through direct mail outs. The end of financial year is an important time for promotion in both market segments. In retail, 30 June is when people do their tax returns and claim back deductions for gifts and donations. For corporate clients, the new financial year represents a clean slate and the opportunity to pursue different ideas for the business. When promoting the new Community Credit Card, the Bank will position itself as being unique, ethical, flexible and fair. 6.0 References AC Neilson. (2012, January 15). Most Visited Websites. Sydney, NSW, Australia. Anderson, C. (2006). The Long Tail. New York: Hyperion. Australian Taxation Office. (2012). 2012 Taxation Statistics. Australian Taxation Office. Forbes Magazine. (2010). World Leading Compaines. Austrade. Givewell. (2010). Givewell Statistics. Retrieved october 06, 2012, from Givewell: http://www.givewell.com.au/statistics.asp James, C. (2012). CommSec Economic Insights. Commsec. Kotler, P. (2008). Marketing Management An Asian Perspective. Jurong: Prentice Hall. Kramer, M. P. (2006). Strategy and Society. Harvard Business Review. Reserve Bank Australia. (2012). Bulletin. Reserve Bank. Rogers, E. (1962). Diffusion of Innovations. United Kingdom : Simon & Schuster International .